Comparing Picaridin vs. DEET for Mosquito Repellent

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Which mosquito repellent is best?

Mosquito repellents play a vital role in protecting individuals from nuisance bites and the potential for serious health risks posed by disease-carrying mosquitoes. With the increasing numbers of mosquitoes that can transmit diseases such as West Nile, Eastern equine encephalitis, Zika and dengue, understanding the most effective means of protection has never been more important. The most effective way to help limit the nuisance and potentially disease-carrying mosquitoes in our communities is through an Integrated Mosquito Management program.

These data-driven mosquito control programs include mosquito surveillance, disease testing, larval and adult control, and educating citizens on how to protect themselves from mosquito bites and reduce breeding sites. Local leaders can encourage their citizens to stay safe while enjoying outdoor activities by suggesting they wear long sleeves, pants, and closed-toed shoes to minimize skin exposure. Most importantly, individuals should apply insect repellent to protect themselves from mosquito bites. Two of the most effective and widely used active ingredients in mosquito repellent sprays, picaridin and DEET, are EPA-registered and CDC-recommended to help prevent mosquito bites. Which one is most effective? Learn how to choose the best mosquito repellent and explore the benefits of Picaridin and DEET. 

DEET

DEET is a widely used active ingredient in many mosquito repellent products. It is known for its ability to repel a variety of insects, including mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. This insect repellent can be particularly effective against various mosquito species that can transmit diseases such as West Nile and Zika, as well as ticks that can transmit Lyme disease. However, DEET can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, especially when applied in high concentrations. 

DEET has a distinct odor, which some users describe as chemical or slightly sweet. Due to its solvent properties, it can leave a greasy or oily feel on the skin. When applied, DEET can potentially impact clothing, as it may damage certain synthetic fabrics. When using this product, it is essential to carefully follow the product’s instructions and use the lowest effective concentration. 

Picaridin

Picaridin is a widely recognized insect repellent that is an effective alternative to DEET. Its active ingredient is a synthetic compound that mimics the properties of piperine, a substance found in black pepper. Unlike DEET, picaridin has a pleasant odor and does not feel as greasy on the skin, making it more user-friendly. It is also less likely to damage fabrics compared to DEET, which can degrade materials like nylon and some other synthetic fibers. 

Picaridin is effective not just against mosquitoes but also provides effective protection from ticks, biting flies, and other insects, making it a versatile option for outdoor activities. When it comes to safety, picaridin has a favorable safety profile for skin use, with fewer reported adverse effects compared to DEET. However, as with any chemical product, it’s still essential to follow usage guidelines. 

So, is DEET or picaridin the better mosquito repellent?

When it comes to choosing between DEET or picaridin as mosquito repellents, several key differences come into play. DEET has been the most widely recognized and utilized insect repellent for decades, providing an effective defense against a range of biting insects. It has a strong scent and can potentially irritate the skin, but it is considered safe for use when applied according to guidelines. On the other hand, picaridin is a newer alternative that has gained popularity due to its lighter feel and lack of strong odor. It is less likely to cause skin irritation and is also effective against a variety of insects. Both products are EPA-registered and CDC-recommended and can last for several hours on the skin, providing lasting protection while outdoors. Ultimately, when it comes to selecting the best mosquito repellent, the choice between DEET or Picadrion is up to you. 

Natural insect repellent alternatives: Are they effective?

Natural insect repellent sprays have gained popularity as people seek more eco-friendly options to protect themselves from nuisance insects. One well-known natural insect repellent is citronella, which is derived from lemongrass and is commonly used in candles and sprays. No studies are available to support the idea that citronella can effectively repel mosquitoes, making it an unreliable repellant option. Another popular option is eucalyptus oil, particularly lemon eucalyptus oil, which many people believe can repel mosquitoes. However, the CDC does not recommend using a “pure” essential oil that is not formulated as a repellent as it has not undergone validated testing.

While these natural alternatives may work for some people, it’s important to note that their effectiveness may vary, and they often require more frequent application compared to conventional bug sprays to maintain protection.

Protect yourself from mosquitoes

Citizens can protect themselves from disease-carrying mosquitos by following the 4Ds: Defend, Dress, Drain, Dusk, and Dawn. To Defend yourself, it’s important to apply insect repellent containing effective ingredients like DEET or picaridin. Dressing appropriately when outdoors can greatly reduce your risk; wearing long sleeves, pants, and closed-toed shoes helps shield your skin from bites, especially when dressed in light colors. Drain any standing water around your property, as this is where mosquitoes breed; routinely check for and remove stagnant water in areas like planters and gutters. Finally, be mindful of the times when mosquitoes are most active, particularly at Dusk and Dawn, and limit outdoor activities during those hours to decrease your exposure to bites. By following the 4Ds, you can enjoy the outdoors while effectively minimizing the threat of mosquito bites.

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Aerial Larviciding vs. Adulticing

Control Mosquitoes from Above During All Life Stages

Mosquitoes are more than just a nuisance—they pose serious public health risks by spreading diseases like West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis, and dengue. EPA-registered larvicides and adulticides are invaluable tools to help combat mosquitoes at different life stages. Truck-mounted Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) sprayers and backpack sprayers are commonly used, but aerial solutions can also complement ground-based efforts by providing uniform coverage over large, inaccessible, or hazardous areas.

While both aerial larviciding and adulticiding play a safe and necessary role in mosquito management, they serve distinct purposes and should not be viewed as interchangeable. Instead of comparing them directly, it’s important to recognize how each method contributes to a comprehensive strategy. Larviciding helps prevent mosquito outbreaks before they begin, while adulticiding quickly controls surging adult populations.

Identifying Areas for Larvicide Applications

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Larviciding targets mosquitoes in their larval stage before they have developed into biting adults. Routine surveillance of stormwater ponds, ditches, and other areas that collect water helps professionals identify mosquito breeding sites. Water samples capturing larvae are then collected using dip cups or tubular dippers to determine which areas have abundant mosquito larvae and if larvicides—either in liquid or granular form—should be applied. 

Aerial Larviciding Application

Aerial larviciding is typically performed via drone or turbo-powered single-engine helicopter for more compact areas, or with a fixed-wing single-engine aircraft for more vast areas. Missions are completed during daylight hours when target sites are most visible. In addition to preventing mosquito larvae from maturing, larvicides are generally more cost-effective than adulticides over time, as the need for recurring adulticide applications is reduced.

Aerial Adulticiding Application

Adulticiding, on the other hand, focuses on eliminating mosquitoes that have already reached adulthood. This is especially important following heavy rains or natural disasters when mosquito populations surge or in situations where larviciding isn’t feasible. Professionals monitor adult mosquito activity through specialized trapping techniques and laboratory disease testing to assess public health risks. 

Based on surveillance data, adulticides are strategically applied in the right amounts in the right place at the right time. Often, these decisions are made when action thresholds are reached. These are pre-determined benchmarks that, when surpassed, indicate that targeted intervention is necessary. Action thresholds may be based on mosquito population, distribution, disease presence, budget, and the community’s management goals. 

Low-flying twin-engine aircraft are most commonly used for aerial adulticiding. Liquid products are dispersed in ultra-fine droplets, designed to remain airborne long enough to contact and kill mosquitoes in flight. The applications are carefully timed when the target species are most active, most often around dawn and dusk. Given the impact of environmental factors such as wind speed and temperature, GPS technology and meteorological software are used to monitor conditions and optimize flight paths to ensure precise, uniform coverage.

Pre and Post Aerial Application Best Practices

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Whether aerial larviciding or adulticiding is taking place, pre-mission communication is important to keep both the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the public informed. Aerial operations often attract attention and raise questions about safety and environmental impact. Proactive outreach helps ensure safety and transparency within the community.

Likewise, post-flight surveillance and testing allow professionals to assess the efficacy of the larvicide or adulticide treatment and monitor for signs of insecticide resistance. In some cases, follow-up applications using different products or product concentrations may be necessary.

Incorporating Aerial Applications Into Your Mosquito Management Program

Larviciding and adulticiding play different yet equally important roles in mosquito control, and a well-executed program incorporates both strategies to protect public health. Truck and backpack applications are effective, but when vast or inaccessible locations must be treated or when rapid response is the priority, an aerial approach can help optimize time, resources, and manpower. A twin-engine aircraft covers significantly more ground in less time, treating approximately 50,000 acres in a single night compared to just 3,000 acres by a single truck.

VDCI is one of the few companies in the nation that owns and operates an aerial fleet to perform larvicide and adulticide applications. All VDCI pilots are licensed pesticide applicators and are authorized through the FAA in maintenance procedures and airspace regulations. With a combined 50,000+ hours of experience, our aerial team is available to serve communities and municipalities across the U.S. Contact us to learn how aerial mosquito spraying can fit into your management program.

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Case Study: Emergency Mosquito Control In California

Climate Change and Mosquito Control: The Effect of Atmospheric River Events and California’s Central Valley

Atmospheric rivers, often referred to as “rivers in the sky,” are narrow swaths of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere that can stretch for thousands of miles, capable of moving as much water as 15 Mississippi Rivers. These powerful weather phenomena play a significant role in the distribution of water vapor and are responsible for a large portion of precipitation in the western United States. However, climate change is enabling atmospheric rivers to carry more moisture and occur more frequently. Their hurricane-like conditions can cause devastating floods and landslides, but many people do not know the intricate relationship between atmospheric rivers and mosquito-related emergencies. 

Though typically known for its wildfires and droughts, atmospheric rivers have intensified in California over the last 5 years. The state’s response to atmospheric river events in 2023 offers valuable insights into the challenges and lessons learned in managing mosquito populations and mitigating disease risks following weather disasters.

What are atmospheric rivers?

Atmospheric rivers uptake and transport heat and moisture from the tropics to the poles. When multiple atmospheric rivers occurred over California in early 2023, increased moisture led to record-high snowpack in the mountains. The statewide snow accumulation surpassed average levels by 237%, enough to bury chair lifts at many ski resorts. However, a heatwave weeks later triggered rapid melting of the snowpack, overwhelming flood management systems and causing widespread flooding. Subsequently, only 8.5% of the state remained classified under severe, extreme, or exceptional drought, down from 94% in September 2022.

Even though 66,692 acre-feet of water were redirected from Tulare Lake to recharge basins and aqueducts, flooding persisted. Consequently, the once-historic lake grew to approximately 114,000 acres. SOURCE: NASA

The state quickly assisted local agencies by diverting excess water from populated areas, but the sheer volume surpassed preparedness measures, leading to a Major Disaster Declaration by the President on April 4th. While FEMA provided essential aid, shelters, and equipment to rebuild, another concern began to emerge: the proliferation of nuisance and disease-carrying mosquitoes. 

After a natural disaster, mosquitoes are usually not top of mind for states, municipalities, and community leaders. But in the following weeks, mosquito eggs that were previously laid by floodwater mosquitoes in moist soil areas began to hatch. Container-breeding mosquitoes began reproducing in standing water in outdoor debris and containers like gutters, buckets, plant saucers, and ornamental ponds. Though many mosquito species that appear after storms don’t pose an immediate disease threat, nuisance populations impeded recovery efforts and had the potential to become disease vectors if left unmanaged.

How Mosquito Problems Develop After Natural Disasters

In June 2023, VDCI was contracted to begin executing emergency response efforts, which included surveillance, disease testing, and insecticide applications.   Both larval and adult mosquito control strategies were utilized in response to the data collected.   

As exemplified by this disaster, climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of weather events, from atmospheric rivers to storms and hurricanes. While coastal regions receive the most attention, inland areas are also vulnerable to weather and mosquito-related emergencies. This underscores the importance of emergency preparedness, no matter where you are located.

Effective Emergency Response Planning

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Severe weather emergencies often catch us off guard, but proactive measures taken in advance can facilitate rapid response to mosquito-related issues and enhance communication among stakeholders and the public. With the guidance of an experienced mosquito management partner, leaders can meticulously prepare emergency contingency plans, allowing them to focus on other pressing matters when crises occur.

Challenges That Decision-Makers Face

One of the key challenges that decision-makers face during mosquito-related emergencies is the complexity of coordinating various stakeholders, including industry partners, state entomologists, and local entities. Jurisdiction for mosquito control varies widely across regions and states. For instance, local health agencies hold authority in 16 states, while local governing bodies (e.g., city, county, or municipality) oversee it in eight. Additionally, 31 states have statutes allowing special districts or programs to be established for mosquito control. Clarifying these responsibilities ahead of time not only prevents confusion, but also presents a unified front when tackling the emergency.

Moreover, funding concerns can pose significant obstacles following severe weather events. With emergency response budgets stretched thin by post-storm challenges, securing adequate funding for mosquito control efforts creates additional pressure. Urgent needs such as restoring power and clearing roads tend to be prioritized over less imminent problems, so allocating funds in advance can help ensure resources are readily available for mosquito control, rather than scrambling to locate funds at the eleventh hour.

In addition, a mosquito management partner can offer assistance in accessing FEMA funds following a storm. Districts seeking federal aid for mosquito control must prove the need for emergency mosquito suppression. Establishing a comprehensive mosquito abatement program before disasters occur enhances the likelihood of securing this funding. Districts equipped with baseline data from routine surveillance and disease testing can more effectively showcase the surge in mosquito populations, justifying the allocation of funds. 

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Proactive surveillance also allows professionals to map the physical characteristics of the region, identifying areas that may pose accessibility issues during a disaster, contain endangered species, or be most vulnerable to flooding. After emergency conditions have passed, experts will resume mosquito surveillance and laboratory analyses to verify the effectiveness of their efforts. The gathered data is then disseminated to pertinent authorities and stakeholders.

As climate change escalates the frequency and intensity of weather emergencies nationwide, California’s response to the 2023 atmospheric river events offers valuable lessons in mosquito control and public health preparedness, highlighting the importance of proactive planning, collaboration, and communication.  

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

The Two Types of Mosquito Emergency Response Planning

Mosquito-Related Emergencies Demand Attention and Concern

Large populations of mosquitoes can become a serious nuisance and create public health risks, underscoring the critical need for swift intervention. However, waiting until after a crisis is declared to determine a course of action can impede decision-making and delay response and recovery efforts. By understanding the various types of emergencies and engaging in proactive planning, communities can effectively mobilize and respond promptly when these challenging events arise.

Types of Mosquito-Related Emergencies

Mosquito-related emergencies typically fall into two categories: those influenced by weather conditions, such as major storms and flooding, and those characterized by heightened risks of disease transmission.

Disease Transmission Outbreaks

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This type of emergency occurs when mosquito-borne diseases become more prevalent due to existing or newly introduced mosquito species or arboviruses. These disease outbreaks are usually triggered by ecological changes in the environment, including urbanization, international travel, or global trade. For example, Aedes albopictus eggs were inadvertently transported to California through lucky bamboo plants and to Houston through infested retread tires. Today, the species is one of the most challenging to control and is capable of transmitting diseases, including West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, and several forms of encephalitis. 

Weather-Related Emergencies

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The second type of emergency occurs due to environmental factors such as natural disasters or major flooding events. The warm temperatures, humidity, and water that is left behind after a storm can lead to a surge in mosquito populations. Coastal regions typically focus on hurricane preparedness, but it’s important to note that inland areas are also susceptible to mosquito-related weather emergencies. Nuisance mosquito populations can significantly impede recovery efforts and create additional stress for people displaced from their homes. Though they may not begin spreading diseases until weeks or months following a storm, adult mosquitoes become increasingly susceptible to contracting and transmitting diseases if not controlled.

Emergency Response

No matter the type of mosquito-related emergency, each requires specific protocols and collaboration among numerous government agencies. In an emergency event, public health officials draft a written request to their state’s Governor or Tribal Chief Executive, prompting them to seek a declaration from the President. This declaration is contingent upon CDC-verified data confirming the severity of the mosquito-related threat. Upon declaration, mosquito abatement operations commence in adherence to federal, state, and local laws. 

During rapid response operations, aerial fleets and ground crews are mobilized to administer EPA-registered insecticides, ensuring thorough coverage across the affected region. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service align to verify compliance for pesticide application aircraft and drones, and monitor the welfare of humans, wildlife, and sensitive environments in treated areas. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) spearheads the federal response and manages reimbursement for recovery efforts. 

To assess the effectiveness of these mosquito control endeavors, trapping and disease testing data are collected in the subsequent days and weeks, then compared to pre-emergency surveillance data to ensure effective control. 

Planning Ahead

Effective response to disease outbreaks and weather-related emergencies relies on thorough preparation and communication. It is crucial to have contingency plans and procedures in place that govern product types, equipment, and communication channels while taking into account financial obligations and unexpected challenges. By coordinating ahead of time, efficient and unbiased action can be taken as soon as a severe storm is forecasted or a public health emergency is declared. 

Emergency response planning involves identifying key contacts and securing funding sources, fostering collaboration between local and federal agencies to establish a cohesive communication network. Ongoing coordination with government leaders and organizations also includes public education. Involving residents and stakeholders raises awareness about mosquito disease risks and the need for personal protection. Additionally, community engagement promotes cooperation in eliminating breeding sites and other preventive measures. 

Establishing action thresholds is crucial for maximizing funding, optimizing product use, and preventing insecticide resistance. Action thresholds serve as specific data points signaling a threat to public health and should be set before an emergency occurs. Once these predetermined thresholds for mosquito populations or disease presence are exceeded, mosquito control measures are implemented. Through mosquito surveillance using specialized traps and lab tests, professionals can monitor mosquito populations and disease presence, establishing a baseline for management decisions during crises. 

Proactive aerial mapping aids teams in identifying dangerous or inaccessible areas across the region, ensuring heightened vigilance during rapid response missions. It’s also essential to confirm that personnel have the correct licenses and permits for pesticide use and the operation of equipment, helping to ensure that emergency operations meet all necessary standards. 

Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM)

One of the most impactful ways to avoid mosquito-related emergencies is through an ongoing management approach. VDCI’s Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) programs help support safe, healthy communities by incorporating surveillance and disease testing, insecticide resistance monitoring, adult and larval mosquito control, and public education. 

Through our proprietary database, government leaders can access real-time information about mosquito populations, behavior, and disease prevalence. This empowers them to make informed decisions regarding the timing, location, and methods for mosquito control, well before emergency status is reached.

By implementing comprehensive plans, allocating budgets, gathering baseline data, establishing action thresholds, and much more, government leaders can help their communities avoid or respond rapidly to mosquito-related emergencies. 

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Mosquito Source Reduction Best Practices

Reducing Mosquito Breeding Sites

Mosquitoes are more than just a nuisance; they have the potential to be carriers of some of the world’s most dangerous diseases. To combat these pests, understanding and implementing mosquito source reduction best practices is essential. Source reduction involves identifying and eliminating mosquito breeding sites, which can help to eliminate larvae as well as reduce the areas in which adult mosquitoes can lay eggs. This proactive approach is a critical component of Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), the most comprehensive and environmentally responsible way to manage mosquito populations. Learn how to keep mosquitoes away and protect public health through mosquito source reduction. 

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Identifying Mosquito Breeding Sites

Identifying mosquito breeding sites, especially in high-traffic areas, is crucial in managing mosquito populations and protecting public health. Breeding sites vary depending on the mosquito species, ranging from a discarded bucket or cooler containing standing water to a clogged stormwater drain. Poor drainage systems, often caused by clogged debris or accumulated organic matter, become ideal mosquito breeding habitats for many species. 

Peridomestic mosquitoes (such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) favor discarded containers for laying their eggs and are capable of transmitting pathogens causing yellow fever, dengue, and Zika.

Another significant breeding ground is trash and waste disposal sites. Accumulated garbage like bottle caps and old tires can collect water, creating a hospitable environment for developing mosquito larvae. Communities with poor waste management practices are particularly vulnerable to becoming breeding grounds for various mosquito species, including Culex mosquitoes, which are vectors for the West Nile virus. Landscaping features within public parks, golf courses, and around government facilities, such as ornamental ponds, unmanaged pools, and watered gardens, can also serve as mosquito breeding sites. 

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Our Mosquito Source Reduction Process

The process of reducing mosquito breeding sites is a crucial aspect of controlling the mosquito population and minimizing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Best practices for achieving this goal include eliminating standing water where mosquitoes lay their eggs, properly maintaining water bodies to prevent stagnation, and implementing landscaping techniques that discourage water accumulation. Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) employs a comprehensive approach to accomplishing these objectives, which includes detailed mapping and surveillance to monitor mosquito populations and track problem areas with abundant breeding sites. Another essential component of VDCI’s mosquito prevention strategy is public education. We promote a collaborative approach to mosquito control by educating citizens on preventive measures and encouraging them to participate in mosquito source reduction efforts. 

How Mosquito Source Reduction Benefits Your Community

One of the most important reasons for mosquito source reduction is to help prevent mosquito-borne diseases. By eliminating or minimizing mosquito breeding grounds, such as stagnant water in buckets, old tires, and other containers, we can effectively reduce the mosquito population and any disease pathogen they may transmit. Citizens can help with mosquito source reduction by regularly assessing and maintaining their property. This includes eliminating standing water following heavy rainfall or checking for any clogged gutters to ensure proper runoff and drainage. When residents take the initiative to remove breeding habitats in their community, they can help reduce pesky bites and have more peace of mind when enjoying the outdoors.

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Why Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) Makes a Difference

The importance of an IMM program cannot be overstated, and mosquito source reduction is an important part of this strategy. Effective IMM is grounded in the systematic collection and analysis of surveillance data, including both mosquito population dynamics and disease testing, which then informs the deployment of targeted larval and adult mosquito control interventions. Mosquito source reduction can significantly lower mosquito populations by preventing larvae from maturing into adults capable of transmitting diseases. VDCI believes an IMM program is the most effective and environmentally responsible way to control mosquitoes. Contact us today to learn how you can elevate your mosquito management program with comprehensive strategies that target mosquitoes at all stages of life.

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Is Aerial Mosquito Spraying Right For Your Community?

What You Should Know About Aerial Mosquito Spraying

Mosquitoes are tiny but formidable pests that not only interrupt outdoor activities with their incessant buzzing and itchy bites, but several species pose serious health risks by transmitting diseases like West Nile and Eastern Equine Encephalitis. To help reduce disease transmission, mosquito management strategies can be implemented to target potentially disease-carrying mosquitoes. However, areas where adult mosquitoes live and breed can often be difficult to access, vast, environmentally sensitive, or pose serious safety hazards for ground crews.

That’s where aerial mosquito spraying comes in. Vector Disease Control International (VDCI)’s specialized aircraft fleet has been modified for mosquito control purposes. The ability to swiftly target adult mosquitoes helps significantly reduce the mosquito population and the potential for disease transmission. In some cases, aerial spraying may be the only viable method to disrupt the mosquito breeding cycle in areas where mosquito populations are exceptionally high or when access is obstructed by flooding, damaged infrastructure, or road closures due to a recent storm. By integrating aerial mosquito spraying into your mosquito management program, communities can enjoy outdoor spaces with added peace of mind. 

What Is Aerial Mosquito Spraying?

Aerial mosquito spraying is a method used to swiftly control mosquito populations on a large scale. This process involves dispersing insecticides from an aircraft to target adult mosquitoes. Aerial spraying utilizes specific Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insecticides that effectively control mosquitoes yet are designed to minimize harm to other non-targeted insects, animal species, or humans. 

Adulticiding applications utilize liquid pesticides and a two-engine aircraft. These planes are equipped with special nozzles to create an aerosol spray that is released approximately 300 feet above ground level. Aerial mosquito spraying can treat roughly 50,000 acres per night, whereas a single truck can treat 3,000 – making aerial spraying a more effective solution for larger control areas. Aerial mosquito applications can serve as an immediate solution in an emergency or to enhance your ground operations. 

The Efficiency of Aerial Mosquito Applications vs. Ground Applications

Managing large areas for mosquito control can present significant logistical challenges, but aerial spraying offers an efficient solution. For instance, addressing a 100,000-acre area can be treated by a single plane, operated by a team of four individuals, and can cover this vast expanse in merely two nights. In contrast, achieving the same coverage using ground spraying would require deploying 15 trucks, each operating for 10 hours per night. This stark difference in efficiency is even more pronounced during routine or preventative measures. A typical spray block of about 10,000 acres, for instance, can be treated in approximately an hour by a pilot and co-pilot. To match this efficiency on the ground, you would need 10 trucks working simultaneously to cover the same area in the same timeframe, given that a truck can treat about 360 acres per hour. Efficiency is key when managing mosquitoes, as they must be targeted during peak activity times.

Is Aerial Mosquito Spraying Safe?

Ensuring the safety of aerial mosquito spraying is paramount for VDCI, our colleagues, the environment, and the communities we serve. Efficient and secure mosquito control starts with vigilant surveillance and tracking. As the mosquito season commences, professionals at VDCI diligently observe for drastic increases in the mosquito population or the presence of mosquito-transmitted diseases through active surveillance. Common methods for mosquito surveillance include adult trapping, assessing larval habitats, and laboratory analyses where mosquito species are identified, counted, and tested for disease. This data helps generate comprehensive maps highlighting potential areas of disease risk and mosquito activity patterns – ensuring we are treating in the right place and at the right time to reduce the development of insecticide resistance. Should the levels of disease or mosquito populations reach certain predefined criteria, also known as action thresholds, aircraft can be utilized for large-scale mosquito spraying.

Timing Considerations for Aerial Mosquito Spraying

Timing is key when it comes to aerial applications. An important factor in determining the optimal time for mosquito spraying is analyzing weather conditions that may affect safety and effectiveness. To navigate these challenges, VDCI leverages sophisticated weather forecasting tools to pinpoint the most suitable time for operations. While in flight, the precision of aerial spraying is enhanced through the use of integrated GPS tracking, GIS systems, and real-time onboard weather monitoring equipment. This technology enables pilots to adjust flight patterns based on environmental conditions, making aerial mosquito spraying an environmentally responsible control measure when conducted properly by professionals. 

In addition to assessing weather conditions, our experts also consider the target species. For example, some mosquito species, such as Culex tarsalis in California, are only active for about an hour after sunset. Knowing the activity pattern of the nuisance or potentially disease-carrying mosquito will help drive more timely and effective aerial applications.

The Science and Safety Behind Applying Insecticides

Insecticides are applied using planes equipped with specialized application sprayers and technology to apply the smallest amount of product possible while achieving optimal control. Known as Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spraying, many insecticides often require less than an ounce of product per acre. This efficient application process ensures the insecticide is properly targeted and absorbed by the mosquito and significantly reduces the time the insecticide is present in the environment. VDCI’s insecticides for mosquito spraying are specifically selected for their targeted action against mosquitoes, minimizing potential harm to other wildlife or people. VDCI only uses insecticides that have been approved by the EPA, ensuring that all insecticide applications are strictly adhered to regulatory guidelines. This includes compliance with regulations regarding the volume of chemicals used, the frequency of their application, and the specifications for droplet size and density. Such measures are taken to help ensure treatments are low-risk for the environment and effective in mosquito prevention. 

Communication Strategies For Aerial Mosquito Spraying

Effective communication plays a crucial role in the success and safety of mosquito control efforts, especially when it comes to aerial spraying. These activities often garner significant public attention, sparking inquiries from community members concerned about potential risks. Engaging in clear and ongoing dialogue is essential to address these concerns and foster a transparent relationship with the public. 

This communication strategy extends beyond liaising with state and local government officials. VDCI is committed to partnering with various local institutions for public education, such as health departments, libraries, and schools. Through these partnerships, VDCI distributes educational materials that alleviate concerns about aerial mosquito spraying and provide valuable information on how individuals can protect themselves from mosquito bites and contribute to reducing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

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Choosing VDCI for Aerial Spraying

When you partner with VDCI, you can relax knowing that our aerial applications are science-backed to ensure they remain effective while keeping the local environment and residents safe. VDCI is a premier provider of advanced aerial mosquito control solutions nationwide, specializing in both adult and larval management. Our use of EPA-registered insecticides through aerial spraying ensures unparalleled protection for states, counties, and municipalities, especially during high-risk periods for mosquito-borne diseases. Due to the complexity of these operations, our in-house expertise, cutting-edge technology, and comprehensive reporting systems make us a valuable partner for any aerial mosquito spraying needs. With an in-house fleet of aircraft capable of treating over 50,000 acres each night and our highly trained pilots, VDCI delivers effectiveness far beyond typical mosquito control applications.

See how aerial mosquito spraying can support your current IMM program or emergency response plans – contact us today. 

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Public Health Pesticides For Mosquito Control: A Higher Standard

Are Mosquito Control Pesticides Safe?

Pesticides are vital tools for the management of disease-carrying mosquitoes. Climate change, urban development, and severe weather events are making the world more hospitable to mosquitoes that spread West Nile virus, Zika, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Dengue, and other deadly diseases. Though proactive management is essential for the protection of our communities, pesticides are an important component of an integrated mosquito management program. Understanding how pesticides are developed and incorporated into mosquito management programs is key to ensuring they work safely and effectively in our times of greatest need.

As a mosquito management company with a mission to protect public health, VDCI only uses pesticides that meet all federal guidelines and are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state agencies for that specific purpose. The process of developing and registering a pesticide product can be lengthy and complex, but helps ensure that products work as intended without unreasonable adverse effects on humans or the environment, including endangered species, non-target insects, plants, ground water, and the food supply.

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Before a pesticide can be registered for public health purposes, it must undergo extensive testing to determine its safety and effectiveness in controlling mosquitoes. This research is typically conducted by the manufacturer or a third-party testing facility and can take several years to complete. All information pertaining to the pesticide, its chemical composition, proposed use, and safety data is evaluated by the EPA to identify the product’s benefits and potential risks:

  • ​Aggregate risks – through food, water, and residential uses
  • Cumulative risks – from different pesticides with the same effects
  • Occupational risks – to those applying the product during their work

As part of this process, additional testing or data collection may be required. Once the pesticide has been deemed safe and effective for mosquito control, it will be published in the Federal Register and issued a label number with precise specifications and precautions for product use. The EPA will continue to monitor its impact and performance through periodic reviews and inspections. If any safety concerns arise, the product’s registration may be revoked, or it may require additional labeling or testing.

Following label guidelines is a crucial aspect of pesticide safety. Many of the products used in mosquito control can only be applied by licensed professionals with the appropriate training and equipment, such as ULV (ultra-low volume) sprayers, aircraft, or GPS-guided drones. These technologies help optimize pesticide use, allowing for just one ounce of product per acre to be applied. Experts also have access to multiple pesticide products, each of which contain different active ingredients and may require unique application methods or frequencies, so understanding label specifications and taking into account proper timing is essential.

Government leaders are tasked with the challenging job of protecting the public from nuisance mosquitoes as well as the threat of disease transmission, but sometimes citizens have reservations about the use of pesticides in their communities. VDCI strives to minimize product applications by incorporating a variety of safe, environmentally responsible techniques under one program. 

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Laws and regulations around pesticide use are incredibly stringent, and VDCI is committed to driving new techniques and innovations that make pesticide applications even more safe, efficient, and long-lasting. Though mosquitoes are a problem that will not be solved any time soon, government leaders and their community members can rest assured that their safety is the foremost priority of an IMM program.

Through an integrated approach, professionals work to identify and removing mosquito breeding habitats, target mosquitoes at the larval stage, and continually monitor for the presence of disease. Pesticides are only used when pre-determined disease or population thresholds are met.

Safety is at the center of everything we do, which is why public education also remains a central pillar of Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) programs. When government leaders choose to partner with a mosquito control company focused on protecting public health, they ensure their community members have access to the latest mosquito management resources for mosquito prevention and personal protection from mosquito-borne diseases. VDCI regularly collaborates with health departments, mosquito abatement districts, schools, libraries, and other public organizations to disseminate pertinent information, including real-time updates about mosquito dynamics and scheduled treatments in the local area.

Contact Us to Learn More About Effective Mosquito Management Strategies:

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Aerial Mosquito Spraying and How We Make It Safe

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Exploring Aerial Applications for Effective Mosquito Control

As one of the most widespread threats to the health and well-being of our communities, mosquitoes require careful monitoring and management to prevent the spread of West Nile virus, Yellow Fever, Zika, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, and other dangerous diseases. Insecticides, when applied by professionals, are a low-risk and often necessary tool in these efforts. When mosquito populations reach dangerous or unacceptable levels across an entire community or county, insecticides can be applied across targeted swaths of land by specialized aerial fleets. A key part of these missions is preserving the safety of residents and native wildlife by adopting tools and techniques that limit the deposition of pesticides and target mosquitoes during peak activity. 

Residents rely on state and municipal leaders to make decisions that protect the quality of life in their communities. This extends to choosing the right mosquito management partner. Mosquito management companies with an emphasis on protecting public health, like VDCI, use an integrated mosquito management approach that ensures insecticides are used as safely and efficiently as possible. This means applying products only when and where they are needed, and taking great steps to prevent insecticide resistance – so mosquitoes remain susceptible to the lowest levels of product as possible. 

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Conduct Mosquito Surveillance for More Accurate Management Decisions

Effective and safe mosquito management begins with surveillance and monitoring. From the start of mosquito season, experts closely monitor for population and disease surges using specialized traps, lab tests, and species identification techniques. This information can be used to create detailed maps of a region outlining potential areas of concern, mosquito activity patterns, and product recommendations. If predetermined disease or population thresholds are met, aircraft may be deployed to conduct aerial insecticide applications.

Executing Safe and Effective Aerial Mosquito Spraying

Timing is key for aerial mosquito spraying. Weather conditions can have a significant impact on the safety and effectiveness of a mission. For example, large gusts of wind can transport product to non-target areas. Temperature fluctuations can also require altitude adjustments to ensure optimal product dispersion. VDCI utilizes advanced meteorological software to determine the right window of time to act. Once airborne, integrated GPS tracking units, GIS systems, and an onboard meteorological probe allow pilots to spray precise areas while monitoring for environmental changes and tracking exact droplet size and product levels for maximum efficiency. 

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Insecticides are designed to target the unique physical or biological mechanisms in a mosquito without negatively impacting other species or humans. All insecticides used by VDCI are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and applied according to label guidelines to protect the well-being of the public and the environment. The EPA regulates not only the quantity of chemicals applied but also use frequency, droplet size and density to ensure the most effective treatment possible. prevention. 

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Capabilities of Aerial Mosquito Spraying

Each aircraft is capable of spraying more than 10,000 acres per load, or 50,000 acres during an overnight mission. All data is generated into a detailed report for stakeholders and the public. This is followed by post-flight monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of the application and monitor for signs of insecticide resistance, and determine present threat levels. If needed, insecticide dosing may be adjusted or rotated out for a more effective product. Through accurate mapping and data reporting, mosquito management experts can maintain regulatory compliance, streamline permitting requirements, and keep stakeholders informed with real-time knowledge. 

Training and regulatory compliance are integral to the safety of an aerial spraying mission. All VDCI pilots are licensed pesticide applicators and authorized through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in maintenance procedures, airspace regulations, and coordination with aviation agencies. This is particularly important for missions in proximity to FAA-controlled airspace. Establishing a line of communication with local control towers safeguards pilots and prevents dangerous airspace congestion. 

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Communicate Aerial Mosquito Management Missions with Citizens

Communication is central to the safety and success of a mosquito control mission. In addition to communication with state authorities and municipal leaders, this includes ongoing contact with the public. Aerial missions, in particular, can get a lot of attention and lead to questions from residents who want to know, “are there aerial mosquito spraying dangers?” VDCI regularly partners with local organizations, including health departments, libraries, and schools to disseminate informative resources and updates to ease any concerns and to also educate residents about ways to stay safe and prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.

Proactively Manage Mosquitoes with an IMM Program

While insecticides are a low-risk and reliable solution to eliminate adult mosquitoes, prevention is key. As part of an integrated mosquito management program, VDCI emphasises surveillance and disease testing as well as larval mosquito control (eliminating mosquitoes prior to them becoming adults). Citizens can also do their part to help fight the bite. Circulating or draining standing water found in bird baths, flower planters, water gardens, buckets, and other outdoor containers will help limit breeding habitats. The public can support professional monitoring and surveillance initiatives in their community by reporting signs of mosquito activity in their local jurisdiction and allowing traps to be set near their properties for data collection. 

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Everyone deserves to feel at ease when spending time outdoors. VDCI prioritizes protecting people and the environment by maximizing the impact of adulticide products on dangerous mosquito populations. Whether by ground or by air, we ensure proper calibration and maintenance for effective mosquito management. Our expertise in aerial application is an asset for government and private entities, and includes any level of support for in-house mosquito efforts or stand-alone management programs.

Contact Us to Learn More About Effective Mosquito Prevention Strategies:

VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Add Aerial Application Services to Your Existing Mosquito Management Program

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Add Aerial Application Services to Your Existing Mosquito Management Program

Mosquitoes are most effectively managed when a multitude of professional solutions and innovations are utilized to target the species. Personal protection efforts, public education, mosquito habitat reduction, and ground-based activities are highly impactful in the battle against mosquitoes. Over the last 20+ years, VDCI has helped reinforce these strategies by taking management to the skies. 

VDCI is a leading operator of advanced aerial fleets for adult and larval mosquito control around the country. Aerial applications of EPA-registered insecticides can provide more thorough protection across states, counties, and municipalities, particularly when the risk of vector-borne disease transmission is elevated. 

How can the public benefit from aerial mosquito control?

During warmer months, mosquitoes can be found nearly everywhere in our communities. And because they are capable of traveling many miles for a blood meal, it’s also beneficial to target mosquitoes where they thrive, such as swamps, wetlands, and thickets. Unfortunately, these areas can be hard to reach, environmentally protected, or dangerous for ground crews to navigate. 

Aerial product applications may be the only way to interrupt the mosquito breeding cycle in remote locations where populations are abnormally high or when roads and natural areas are inaccessible due to flooding, compromised infrastructure, or road closures. When conducted from above, monitoring and applications are typically more comprehensive, faster, and safer; ground crews in one Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) spray truck can treat approximately 1,000 acres per load – or potentially less following weather emergencies – while a single aircraft can treat 10,250 acres per load.

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VDCI Aerial Advantage

When designing a management approach, professionals take into account many factors beyond the size and type of area being treated. The process begins with surveillance of the local mosquito species and their populations, patterns, peak activity, and susceptibility to certain types of management styles. VDCI supports the best practices of mosquito abatement districts by helping target mosquitoes at every phase of their lifecycle. This means using specified adulticide and larvicide applications at distinct rates and times of year and with the equipment that’s best suited for the job. 

VDCI is the only company nationwide that operates a diverse, in-house fleet of drones and aircraft that are exclusively dedicated to mosquito control:

Fixed-wing aircraft:​

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  • Capable of treating up to 50,000 acres per aircraft, per night
  • Integrated systems ensure uniform spray cloud density
  • Swift emergency response tool following hurricanes or severe flood events

Professional drone technology:​

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  • Capable of applying up to 200 acres of product per session
  • Pre-programmed flight routes with superior GPS navigation 
  • Highly maneuverable and unobtrusive in residential areas

VDCI’s advanced aerial equipment is operated exclusively by licensed aerial pesticide applicators who are authorized through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). All professionals specialize in maintenance procedures, airspace regulations, and coordination with local aviation agencies. Together, these professionals boast a combined 50,000+ hours of experience.

We Are Here For Your Every Need

Whether you are experiencing routine mosquito problems or an unforeseen circumstance, VDCI’s vector control scientists are well equipped to safely mitigate the challenges in your area. Our expertise, technology, and reporting capabilities are an asset to any program in need of aerial application services. Contact us below to learn how we can support your mosquito management program.