A Day In the Life of a Mosquito Control Lab Technician

Exploring the Importance of Mosquito Lab Analysis

When the public observes a Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) truck conducting spraying, it may appear routine, or even go unnoticed. However, what many folks don’t realize is the meticulous planning and scientific precision that is calculated for each spray route. Behind the scenes, a dedicated team of experts ensures every decision, from location selection to insecticide dosage and spray time, is backed by rigorous research and analysis.

“Most people are only familiar with the trucks and may not realize there’s a lot more to mosquito control,” Jennifer Riley, VDCI’s Louisiana-based biologist and lab technician said. “I think people would be surprised to learn that there is someone in the lab every day to help ensure the efficacy of our operations.”

Evaluating Mosquito Larvae for Insecticide Resistance

Jennifer specializes in monitoring for larval and adult insecticide resistance, the process by which mosquitoes become less susceptible to insecticides used to control them, either through genetic mutations or behavioral changes. Overuse or unnecessary spraying of insecticides can contribute to the development of resistance. 

To evaluate mosquito larval resistance, Jennifer visits different locations in her jurisdiction to conduct field tests directly on-site. Using tools like mosquito dippers, she quantifies the larval presence in ditches, containers, or other sites where water has pooled. She then calculates and administers a precise larvicide dosage to the water, returning approximately 24 hours later to evaluate the efficacy of the product and identify any signs of resistance. 

“Sometimes it’s hard to find breeding locations and I can be out all day looking for sampling sites,” Jennifer said. “I joke that I’m the only one who gets excited when mosquitoes start breeding again after winter. It’s such a thrill to find one of those really busy ditches.”  

Testing Adult Mosquitoes for Insecticide Resistance

Jennifer also collects mosquito larvae and rears them to adults in the lab for testing adulticide resistance. The mosquitoes are kept in a warm, humid enclosure called an insectarium to maintain their health and vitality until they’re ready for testing. Artificial lights are regulated to mirror day and night cycles, and they’re provided with sugar water to mimic the nectar they feed on when not seeking blood meals.

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“It’s crucial to replicate the environmental conditions they’re familiar with to prevent results from being skewed,” Jennifer explained. 

Adulticide tests are conducted in the lab with the CDC bottle bioassay. To protect their delicate wings, mosquitoes are gently aspirated from the insectarium and transferred into bottles containing a diluted adulticide solution for observation. Mortality rates are then compared to a control group to detect any signs of insecticide resistance. 

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Adulticide tests are also conducted in the field to replicate real-world conditions in which a nighttime spray mission would occur. This helps to account for variables like air pressure, humidity, wind, and temperature. Adult mosquitoes are placed in containers at various intervals within a range of a few hundred feet. A passing truck sprays adulticide and a post-spray mosquito examination determines mortality rates. These tests ensure that the truck’s speed and spray droplet size are appropriate to target mosquitoes while minimizing the impact on non-target insects and wildlife.

What Happens When Insecticide Resistance Is Detected?

If insecticide resistance is detected in any of these assessments, the next step is to determine how far the resistant population has spread beyond the initial testing site. This may involve placing adult mosquito traps at strategic intervals for additional testing or collecting larval samples from other sites in the surrounding area. 

“After I’ve identified a potential problem, we want to see how big the problem really is,” Jennifer said. “Then, we may discuss rotating insecticide products or altering the formula to ensure our efforts remain safe and effective.” 

In addition to rigorously monitoring and testing for insecticide resistance, Jennifer provides support to other experts involved with mosquito species identification, population counting, and disease testing. This collaborative, science-backed approach helps ensure insecticides are only sprayed in the right locations, in the right dosages, at the right times. 

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Her job is not without its challenges. Environmental factors complicate the task of locating mosquito larvae in the field. In droughts, mosquito populations may surge despite the scarcity of water, making it more difficult to locate breeding sites. Conversely, heavy rainfall can completely wash away larvae habitats, preventing accurate sampling. 

Encounters with unwanted creatures—inside and outside of the lab—are also a possibility. 

“Once, I was sampling larvae in a septic ditch. Just as I went to reach in, I was fortunate to notice there was an alligator,” Jennifer said. “Spiders have also hatched in the insectarium and I have to figure out how to keep them from eating all of my insects.”   

Despite these challenges, Jennifer likes that her job is never boring. 

“Every day is a little different. I love lab work, but I also like being out looking for larvae and seeing the beauty of the state. It’s a great balance for me.”  

Click here for a full deep dive into our mosquito laboratories. 

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Professional Mosquito Trapping: Basics, Benefits & More

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How Professional Mosquito Trapping Works

Mosquitoes are more than just pesky insects that cause itchy bites in the summer months – they can also transmit harmful diseases, making them a threat to public health. Professional mosquito trapping is utilized by experts to gain a better understanding of the local adult mosquito population and determine if a potential disease threat exists. Professional mosquito traps serve as important tools to determine the mosquito life stage, species, and population size in a particular area. Once adult and immature mosquitoes are collected, they are sorted, counted, analyzed, and tested for disease so we can gather vital data that can help form more effective Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) programs to better protect our communities from mosquito-borne diseases.

What is Mosquito Trapping?

Our entomologists employ mosquito surveillance to better understand the local mosquito populations in a given area. Adult mosquito surveillance typically includes weekly trapping of adult mosquitoes in a given area. The goal of mosquito trapping is to create a baseline of the current mosquito population, identify any population shift, understand the mosquito species distribution in an area, and monitor the threat of mosquito-borne diseases. There are various professional mosquito traps available, and each one is designed to target specific mosquito species. Determining which one to use depends on the information desired. Once the mosquitoes are captured, they are brought back to the lab for counting, species identification, and disease testing. Ongoing professional mosquito trapping helps us know when and where we need to spray to keep populations under control and when there is a risk of mosquito-borne diseases. 

Selecting The Right Type of Mosquito Traps

Selecting the right type of mosquito trap is an important aspect of mosquito surveillance. There are various types of mosquito traps. Some are designed to capture specific mosquito species or individuals during a certain life stage (host-seeking versus gravid), while others can capture a wide range of species. By using the appropriate professional mosquito trap, our entomologists can collect accurate data on local mosquito populations and determine if there is a risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

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CDC Trap

CDC traps are widely used in adult mosquito surveillance. These mosquito traps are portable and run on a 6V battery with a motorized fan to collect mosquitoes. The most common model comes with a small adjustable light and may be supplemented with dry ice, which releases carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby acting as a mosquito bait source to mimic the exhaled respiratory gases of birds or mammals. Once drawn in, the mosquitoes are forced downward by the fan into the collection net, where they cannot escape. CDC traps are typically deployed at dusk and collected after dawn to gather data when most mosquito species are active.

BG-Sentinel Trap

The BG-Sentinel trap is a specially designed mosquito trap that targets two particular mosquito species: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, which are known for transmitting viruses like dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. These mosquito species are common in urban environments and breed in natural and artificial containers. The BG-Sentinel trap is made up of a tarp-like material and is about the size of a five-gallon bucket. It uses an attractant such as Octenol lure, human scent lure, or CO2 to lure mosquitoes towards the trap. Once the mosquitoes are in the vicinity, a funnel located at the top of the professional mosquito trap directs them toward an electric fan (outlet or battery-powered) that pulls them into a collection net. 

Gravid Trap

Gravid traps are specifically designed to capture gravid (egg-laying) Culex mosquitoes, including Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens, which are capable of transmitting diseases like West Nile virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, and both Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis. Many Culex species are attracted to water containing high organic material to lay their eggs. Gravid traps utilize a black bucket containing an organic infusion, like grass or hay, that has been left to ferment for several days to mimic stagnant water. Once inside the bucket, a battery-powered fan pulls the mosquito into a collection net. To prevent the trap from becoming a breeding site, it’s important to drain the water attractant from the trap on days when no mosquito trapping is taking place, especially if the trap is located near residential areas. 

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New Jersey Light Trap

The New Jersey light trap is a versatile mosquito trap that can capture large quantities of mosquitoes and a wide range of species, making it an excellent tool for mosquito surveillance programs. The variety of mosquito species caught can help determine the relative mosquito populations in an area, identify local mosquito vectors, and assist technicians in finding breeding sources. It is best used as a permanent trap and should be securely mounted about five to six feet above the ground and powered by an outlet. The New Jersey Light Trap utilizes a bright light and pulls mosquitoes into the trap via a fan. Dry ice can also be used as an attractant by suspending it above the mosquito trap in a vented container. The attractants in this professional mosquito trap tend to attract

Traps that Aren't Effective for Mosquito Surveillance

It’s important to note that professional mosquito trapping is part of a mosquito surveillance program designed to gather data on the local mosquito population. Professional mosquito traps are not the same as bug zappers or sticky mosquito traps that homeowners may use to control mosquitoes on their property. Bug zappers and sticky traps are not effective for mosquito surveillance. These traps attract a variety of other insects, which can make it difficult for professionals to form an accurate population count. Moreover, few mosquitoes are attracted to these traps, and those that are often have significant damage to their bodies, making them ineffective for mosquito surveillance purposes.

Mosquito Trapping Step-By-Step

Trapping plays a crucial role in our mosquito surveillance programs, helping us better understand the activity of the local mosquito population and develop action thresholds to determine the right time to deploy control strategies. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how VDCI conducts mosquito trapping:

  1. Our team determines the best locations to set mosquito traps to cast a wide net for mosquito surveillance.

  2. Based on the environment or targeted mosquitoes, we employ the type of mosquito trap needed for surveillance. Mosquito trapping is often conducted weekly over several months to ensure we get an accurate representation of the mosquito population and to understand the mosquito seasonality changes for the particular region.

  3. Once the mosquitoes are captured, they are taken back to the lab for counting and species identification or to undergo insecticide resistance testing or disease testing. 

  4. Based on the results from these tests, our entomologists will recommend control strategies to decision-makers to ensure mosquito populations do not reach dangerous or nuisance levels. 

By employing mosquito trapping as part of an IMM plan, we can provide community leaders and government entities the information they need to protect their citizens from mosquito-borne diseases and help them enjoy the outdoors.

Why Professional Mosquito Trapping Matters

Mosquito trapping is an essential part of any successful IMM program. Comprehensive mosquito surveillance helps monitor population levels, identify mosquito species in an area, and identify potential disease risks. 

Professional mosquito trapping data can also be used to determine if the population levels exceed the average number in the area or if there is a mosquito-borne disease present, and control strategies need to be deployed. This ensures our control strategies are as effective and environmentally responsible as possible. The role trapping plays in mosquito surveillance programs is crucial to our IMM programs – helping us to protect public health and keep our communities safe.

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below to speak to an expert about your community’s mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Reduce Mosquito-Borne Diseases with Disease Testing

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How Data Collection and Testing Help Reduce Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Mosquitoes are known to transmit several dangerous diseases that can pose a threat to human health. In the United States, mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and dengue have all caused significant harm to communities nationwide – making the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases crucial for helping keep citizens safe. 

Proactively reducing the spread of these diseases starts with effective mosquito surveillance as part of an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) plan. Once adult mosquitoes are collected from various traps, they are sorted, identified, and analyzed in a lab where they undergo several tests, including disease testing. By testing adult mosquitoes for diseases, we can identify areas where disease-carrying mosquitoes are present and take appropriate action to reduce their population – ultimately reducing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. 

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How Mosquito-Borne Disease Testing Works

Integrated Mosquito Management plans require extensive knowledge of mosquito species, breeding activities, and population dynamics to be successful. By conducting regular adult mosquito surveillance, experts can steadily monitor local populations, allowing us to detect mosquito-borne diseases weeks before they can be transmitted to humans or animals. Here’s how the disease testing process works:

  1. Our expert entomologists strategically set adult mosquito traps throughout a given area. Various mosquito traps are used depending on what information is desired. Each trap has its own unique advantages, many attract specific mosquito species, thereby focusing efforts to collect certain mosquito species that are more likely to carry disease. Traps are typically set weekly for regular population monitoring.

  2. Once a mosquito sample is collected, our entomologists will take them back to the lab for mosquito-borne disease testing.

  3. To identify which diseases are present in mosquito populations, our laboratory technicians will run PCR and RAMP® WNv tests. PCR tests allow us to detect different pathogens that are present inside the mosquito, while RAMP® tests are designed to detect West Nile virus, a commonly found mosquito-borne disease in the U.S.

  4. If a mosquito sample tests positive for any mosquito-borne diseases, our entomologists will report the results to all appropriate local and state health departments. With this data, experts can determine the severity of a disease outbreak and respond with effective mosquito management solutions. This often involves returning to the area where the sample was collected and employing adult and larval mosquito control efforts. 
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Testing Best Practices

Mosquito-borne disease testing is crucial for helping support effective and environmentally responsible mosquito control. It’s important to follow industry best practices when testing mosquitoes for diseases such as West Nile and malaria. 

  1. Test mosquitoes regularly to ensure we detect the presence of mosquito-borne diseases in a timely manner. 

  2. Test mosquitoes trapped in various parts of the community to ensure we are casting a wide net for mosquito surveillance in the whole community. 

  3. Use mosquito-borne disease testing results to drive IMM programs and reduce the spread of disease. 

When a mosquito pool tests positive for a disease, the results of these tests are immediately communicated to government and health officials. This allows decision-makers to act quickly to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases within their communities. By following these best practices, we can arm public officials with the knowledge they need to make control decisions to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. 

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Why Mosquito-Borne Disease Testing and Surveillance Matters

Mosquito-borne diseases can have severe consequences on the health and well-being of our communities nationwide. These diseases are transmitted through mosquito bites and can cause symptoms ranging from fever, rash, and neurological problems. Mosquito-borne disease testing and mosquito surveillance provide data and insights to drive a more effective IMM plan that works to reduce mosquito breeding sites and control both nuisance and disease-carrying mosquitoes.

A successful IMM program involves more than mosquito-borne disease testing. Several key pillars, including adult mosquito and larval surveillance, employing a variety of control strategies, and implementing public education within the community, are all part of a comprehensive program’s success. Citizens can help reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases by following the 4Ds: Defend, Dress, Drain, and Dusk & Dawn. Applying an EPA-approved mosquito repellent and wearing close-toe shoes, light-colored clothing, and long sleeves and pants while outdoors can significantly protect you from mosquito bites. Draining any standing water that could be a potential mosquito breeding site significantly reduces the mosquito population and the application of insecticides. In addition, limiting your outdoor exposure time, especially from dusk to dawn when mosquitos are most active, will lessen your chances of being bitten. When a comprehensive IMM program is established, it will protect public health and keep our communities safe. 

Importance of Integrated Mosquito Management

Our scientific experts at VDCI have the experience, knowledge, and equipment required to implement a comprehensive IMM plan. A proactive approach to mosquito surveillance reduces mosquito-borne diseases and provides adequate time to respond to disease threats before becoming a serious issue to the public. With our industry-leading experts guiding mosquito management strategies in the communities we serve, you can rest assured that your citizens are protected.

Contact Our Experts

Complete the form below to speak to an expert about your community’s mosquito management needs.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Analyzing Mosquito Larvae to Drive Decision-Making

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How larval surveillance and lab analysis help support mosquito management programs

Mosquitoes are not only a nuisance, but they can transmit dangerous diseases that have a significant impact on human health. That’s why monitoring and controlling their populations is crucial. One of the most effective ways to do this is through an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. 

There are four pillars of an IMM program, one being surveillance of both larvae and adult mosquitoes. Through larval surveillance, experts can identify and eliminate potential problem areas before the larvae have a chance to become adults. This process also involves collecting mosquito larvae from various breeding sites and testing larvae for insecticide resistance. With the data collected, experts can implement more effective control measures. Keep reading as we explore the importance of mosquito surveillance and how it can help protect public health.

How Larval Surveillance and Lab Testing Works

Larval surveillance is the process of monitoring the growth and development of immature insects, particularly mosquitoes, to gain a better understanding of the local population dynamics and if they are resistant to commonly used larvicides. Let’s break down how the larval surveillance process works:

  1. Mosquitoes require standing water to breed. With this in mind, experts search for common larvae sites throughout a community, like ditches, tires, marshes, bird baths, and more. Our entomologists identify mosquito larvae in water and collect them via a dip cup or a tubular suction devices for examination. 

  2. We then bring larvae back to the lab, where they undergo efficacy testing. Our entomologists conduct insecticide resistance testing to ensure the larvae aren’t resistant to common larvicides.

  3. Some larvae are set aside in our “mosquito room,” a dedicated space used to house larvae and adults for further testing, and are kept warm to mimic the ideal habitat for mosquitoes. 

  4. After placing the larvae in the room, our entomologists wait for them to develop into adults for additional insecticide resistance testing. If resistance is identified, experts can modify their control strategies to help ensure the most effective intervention strategies are used. 
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Why Larval Surveillance

Larval surveillance is vital to every IMM program. This critical strategy helps not only combat insecticide resistance, but it helps us identify problem areas with abundant breeding sites and implement solutions like source reduction or habitat modification. By identifying mosquito habitats and conducting efficacy testing, our experts can leverage this data and their expertise to build more effective IMM programs. 

Mosquito surveillance allows us to gain a better understanding of larval habitats and the breeding behaviors of adult mosquitoes. Through our field analysis and testing, we can take a proactive approach to mosquito management by reducing the amount of larvae that make it to adulthood and reduce the number of vectors capable of spreading pathogesn. In addition, by testing mosquitoes for insecticide resistance as larvae and adults, we can ensure we are conducting applications using effective EPA-registered larvicides that provide lasting control solutions.

Protecting Your Citizens Together

At VDCI, we know that mosquito surveillance is one of the most important aspects of an effective Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) plan. Our entomologists gather data that allows public health officials to identify areas at risk, track local mosquito populations, and implement targeted control measures to reduce the impact of nuisance and potentially disease-carrying mosquitoes. As a company licensed in public health, we’re here to help community leaders keep public spaces safe and protected from mosquito-borne diseases. 

Contact Our Experts​

Complete the form below or call us at 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert about your community’s mosquito management needs.

Government Partners in Mosquito ManagementSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

3 Mosquito Surveillance Techniques Professionals Utilize

Surveillance and disease testing mosquito management

Government leaders work hard to maintain health, happiness, and quality of life in their communities. But mosquitoes are an often overlooked threat that can quickly dismantle public well-being – seemingly overnight – by becoming a major nuisance throughout the community while increasing the potential for harmful mosquito-borne diseases. Ongoing professional monitoring and surveillance of mosquito populations are essential to help preserve the safety of citizens and maintain public confidence in decision-makers.

Surveillance should be a pillar of any Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. Without assembling timely information on species distribution, population dynamics, and the presence of disease, it may be difficult to develop a successful management plan that keeps dangerous vectors at bay.

A variety of tools and techniques are used to monitor mosquitoes during their various life stages. Collecting and analyzing data on eggs, larvae/pupae, and adult mosquitoes allows for the most effective population tracking and help inform decision-making for implementing control measures.

1. Mosquito egg surveillance

Egg surveillance is sometimes used to monitor invasive Aedes species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These species lay individual eggs in cryptic habitats and small containers that can be hard to find.

Small metal, glass or plastic containers called ovitraps are used to attract female mosquitoes to lay their eggs on a substrate (wood, seed germination paper, or cloth) in the trap. Ovitraps are typically deployed in multiple areas of a community that represent different habitat types and are analyzed on a weekly basis. The number of eggs present in a sample can be used to determine the presence/absence of a specific species and provide necessary insights on reproductive trends and behaviors.

2. Immature mosquito larval/pupal surveillance

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Larval and pupal surveillance is a critical component of IMM that targets immature mosquitoes in aquatic habitats. Routine surveys of aquatic habitats can help professionals identify the locations where mosquitoes develop and make decisions on whether habitat modification or the application of biological pesticides is the best control strategy.

Larval and pupal surveillance can be accomplished in several ways. Most often, experts use a dip cup (a white cup on a pole) to extract a sample of the water for examination. Dip cups are widely used due to their simplicity and effectiveness in collecting samples from a variety of habitats. However, in narrow spaces that are less accessible to dip cups, a tubular dipper – much like a turkey baster – can be used to navigate between tree root systems, rock pools, and debris. 

3. Adult mosquito surveillance

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Surveillance of adult mosquitoes is complex and involves a variety of tools including traps, service calls, resting boxes, aspirators, and landing rate counts.

Using multiple trap types in a given area can provide a more accurate assessment of mosquito abundance, physiological status, and species composition. Different traps may be more efficient at collecting mosquitoes in different physiological states, such as host-seeking vs. gravid. 

The CDC miniature light trap, which uses CO2 (carbon dioxide) and a fan to capture mosquitoes, is considered the gold standard for adult surveillance as it tends to attract the largest diversity and abundance of species. Correctly identifying mosquitoes to species allows tailored management plans to safely and efficiently reduce the population.  

With robust surveillance data on hand, experts are able to optimize the use of highly targeted mosquito larvicides and adulticides by applying precise concentrations in the right areas using the correct equipment. Licensed professionals have access to ULV (ultra-low volume) spray devices, twin-engine aircraft, state-of-the-art drones, and other advanced technologies that facilitate each step of mosquito surveillance and treatment.

When partnering with VDCI, government leaders can demonstrate their commitment to public safety and keep citizens informed about the risks associated with mosquitoes, effective ways to protect themselves and their pets, and key practices to prevent mosquitoes from developing their properties. By working with a company licensed in public health, leaders and decision makers can help keep public spaces safe and accessible for all.

Contact Us to Learn More About Effective Mosquito Prevention Strategies:

VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Behind the Scenes Look: Utilizing Technology for Successful Surveillance & Disease Testing

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Mosquito Surveillance & Disease Testing Technologies

Responsible mosquito management involves targeting mosquitoes at all stages of their lifecycle. A holistic, integrated approach is the most effective strategy to halt population growth and prevent the spread of deadly diseases while reducing environmental footprint.

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Mosquito surveillance is the cornerstone of an integrated mosquito management (IMM) program. This begins with assessing breeding sites and eliminating mosquitoes at the larval stage. By analyzing population dynamics and species distribution, adult mosquitoes can be safely and effectively controlled. Proactive mosquito surveillance programs and data collection also allow scientists to optimize the use of insecticides and limit spraying to specific areas at precise times. These mosquito surveillance techniques reduce the chance of insecticide resistance, which can create additional challenges and expenses for stakeholders.

mosquito lab testing collecting dataHighly targeted, carefully formulated insecticides are used by experts to safely control mosquitoes and mitigate the risk of vector-borne disease transmission. Though insecticides are an impactful tool in mosquito management, it’s possible for mosquitoes to become resistant to them. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) if mortality drops to a rate of less than 90%, the mosquito population is considered insecticide resistant.

Insecticide resistance typically occurs during prolonged exposure to insecticides used during the management process. Continued use in moderately susceptible populations can result in the selection of resistant individuals and loss of insecticide sensitivity in certain areas—something that is particularly dangerous during large mosquito outbreaks following rainstorms, hurricanes, and other serious weather events. Insecticide resistance not only contributes to wasted time and resources but it also endangers communities through increased disease transmission.

mosquito lab testingThe best way to prevent insecticide resistance is ongoing mosquito surveillance and monitoring. IMM programs incorporate strategic mosquito surveillance and monitoring efforts throughout the management season to gather information about species bionomics, active periods, host preferences, and the presence of disease. This knowledge about local mosquito populations is used to determine the severity of a nuisance outbreak and inform control efforts. 

Scientists have multiple ways to collect information. Each method is selected based on the unique challenges a community is facing.

Mosquito Surveillance Traps

CDC Light Traps

These mosquito surveillance light traps, which were developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, are considered the industry standard for mosquito surveillance and collection. Like the New Jersey light trap, it attracts many different species, but it is portable. A 6V battery powers a motorized fan that circulates carbon dioxide (CO2) as an attractant. Once they enter the mosquito surveillance trap, mosquitoes are sucked into a collection device. CDC traps are most effective when deployed at dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.

BG-Sentinel Trap

This mosquito surveillance trap is designed to capture Aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger mosquito) and Aedes aegypti (Yellow Fever mosquito), each of which are known to carry diseases, including Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika virus, and Yellow Fever. Both species thrive in urban environments where they can breed in natural and artificial containers such as gutters, bird baths, watering cans, and outdoor equipment. The BG-Sentinel trap, which is made of a tarp-like material, utilizes an attractant to lure mosquitoes into a funnel. The funnel is outfitted with an electric fan that pulls them into a net where they will remain until collection.

mosquito trapsGravid Trap

Gravid traps are designed to catch Culex mosquitoes, such as Culex tarsalis or Culex pipiens. These species are capable of spreading West Nile virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, and both Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis. Each gravid trap is filled with stagnant water containing organic matter like grass or hay to mimic natural breeding grounds. As Culex mosquitoes approach, they are sucked by an electric fan into the trap for future collection.

New Jersey Light Trap

The New Jersey light trap is effective at capturing a wide spectrum of mosquito species. It is typically used as a permanent mosquito surveillance tool that’s mounted and powered by an outlet in target areas. The New Jersey light trap is a beneficial tool to support IMM programs—it is capable of collecting large quantities of local mosquitoes for scientific analysis and data collection. 

Lab Disease Testing

PCR Tests 

Clinical tests are commonly used in the industry to identify mosquito-borne diseases. PCR tests, for example, allow laboratory technicians to detect different bacteria or viruses that have been transmitted by mosquitoes. Though PCR tests are also used to detect Covid-19, it’s important to note that mosquitoes do not spread the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

RAMP® WNv Tests

RAMP tests are also widely used in the industry. This highly-sensitive test is designed to detect West Nile virus in mosquitoes. A RAMP test can be conducted quickly and efficiently in-house, making it particularly useful following hurricanes and weather events.

Monitoring for Insecticide Resistance

CDC Bottle Bioassay

One of the most important tools when monitoring for insecticide resistance is the CDC Bottle Bioassay. As part of the testing process, bottles are coated with a diluted pesticide solution and then paired with a control group. Female adult mosquitoes are deposited into each bottle, where they are exposed to stressful conditions. Mortality data is then collected and analyzed by scientists for evidence of insecticide resistance. 

Larval Cup Bioassay

Larvicides are central to proactive mosquito management programs, and resistance is less common; however, it can still occur. Larval control agents work through either ingestion or contact with the target host, depending on the product used. Like the bottle bioassay process, cups are coated with bacterial larvicides like Bacillus thuringiensis israliensis (Bti), Bacillus sphaericus (Bs), or Spinosad and examined for mortality data. 

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GPS/GIS Technology

Modern GPS/GIS technologies have made it possible to gather large amounts of data for site mapping, disease tracking, and analysis. This information can be compared over time to identify trends or patterns that help advise the direction of management programs and ensure ongoing compliance with regulatory standards. 

Now, GPS technologies are being integrated into advanced aerial equipment. VDCI’s state of the art drones give technicians a birds-eye-view of target sites for more streamlined site surveillance and mapping, as well as more precise pesticide applications. Likewise, advanced drones allow experts to observe and treat areas that are dangerous, like swamps and wetlands, or more private, like HOAs and other large communities.

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Scientists have many advanced tools at their disposal for trapping, species identification, and disease testing, but the most valuable approach is preventative management. Proactive mosquito surveillance, monitoring, communication, and stakeholder education can help experts identify and quickly mitigate disease risks before a community is impacted. VDCI has the experience, necessary mosquito surveillance equipment, industry-leading technologies, and capabilities to handle all of your mosquito surveillance and disease monitoring needs.

Contact Our Experts​

Complete the form below or call 800-413-4445 to speak to an expert who can help you develop a custom mosquito surveillance and control program to meet your community’s needs.

Government Partners in Mosquito ManagementSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

What is The IMM Advantage?

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Understanding Integrated Mosquito Management

Mosquito — the eight-letter word that no one likes to hear or, even worse, be around. Community members can rely on several strategies to limit their itchy bites and thwart the pests – from insect repellents to reducing breeding habitats. However, these approaches alone will not produce lasting results or provide insights into the threat level that mosquito-borne diseases pose in your community. The safest, most effective, and long-lasting solution is prevention through a proactive and holistic Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program, which targets mosquitoes at all stages of their life cycle, giving your community peace of mind.

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A successful IMM program leans on both science-based tactics and educational initiatives:

CDC Mosquito control disease monitoringSurveillance & Disease Testing

Surveillance involves close observation and analysis of mosquito populations, distribution, density, and species composition throughout a targeted area. By gathering extensive data, scientists can create a customized management approach that’s designed to target mosquitoes in the right areas, at the right times, with the right product. This optimizes product use and most effectively reduces the risk of vector-borne disease.

Mosquito management strategies vary depending on their lifecycle stage. For example, mosquitoes require water to lay their eggs, and larval surveillance data allow experts to identify these habitats and treat them using biological control or EPA-registered larvicides.

The management of adult mosquitoes can be more complex. When it comes to adult mosquito surveillance, experts often utilize mosquito traps to collect, count, and identify mosquito species and determine the particular disease risk in a given area. Each mosquito species has unique host preferences, activity times, and habitat use. Certain species are also more likely to carry and transmit pathogens. Correctly identifying species and understanding their bionomics helps ensure they are managed most effectively. 

insecticide resistanceMonitoring for Insecticide Resistance

An important component of IMM programs is insecticide resistance. Monitoring for chemical resistance should begin at the start of the season and continue throughout the season. Long-term resistance data is valuable because it allows experts to identify trends and modify their mosquito management approach as needed. 

Insecticide resistance most often occurs due to overuse or overreliance on a single class of products. The continued use may reduce population sensitivity and eventually cause selection for resistant insects. Irresponsible product use by homeowners and agriculture can undermine mosquito control efforts, waste funds and resources, and increase the risk of an unmanageable disease crisis. The 2016 Zika outbreak in Miami-Dade County after Hurricane Irma illustrated the reality and danger of insecticide resistance.

Technologies Utilized in Mosquito Control

Ground Crews

Vector-control specialists rely on many types of tools and technologies to achieve mosquito control. Ground crews utilize backpack power sprayers or Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) spray trucks capable of treating highly specific areas. Equipment is specially designed and calibrated for optimal product distribution, with all data recorded in VDCI’s proprietary database. 

Aerial Fleet

Aircraft can be used to treat habitats that are difficult to access due to flooding, compromised infrastructure, or road closures. VDCI’s aerial fleet utilizes highly specialized technology and incorporates real-time meteorological data to determine optimal application efficacy.  

In addition to specialized aircraft, VDCI also utilizes state-of-the-art drones (unmanned aerial systems) that are programmed with advanced GPS technology to map target sites and ensure the precise application of liquid or granular products. Drones bridge the gap between ground and plane applications and allow for wide-area coverage of previously unreachable terrain.

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Public Education

Mosquito management initiatives backed by science and modern technologies can be highly effective, but a lack of public awareness can ultimately limit the success of these efforts. The role of public education in an IMM program cannot be overlooked. Not only will informed citizens better protect themselves from vector-borne diseases, but they can also assist in removing mosquito habitats and reporting areas of concern.

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Public education starts with establishing strategic partnerships within the community. VDCI partners with health departments, schools, churches, and other community groups to share accurate information and strategies to support city and state governments or mosquito abatement districts. Community members are taught to remember the 4 D’s:

  • Defend – Protect yourself by using an EPA-approved repellent.
  • Dress – Wear light-colored clothing, closed-toe shoes, long sleeves, and long pants when spending time outside.
  • Drain – Mosquitoes need water to complete their life cycle, and even something as small as a bottle cap can hold dozens of mosquito larvae.
  • Dusk & Dawn – Stay indoors during these times of day when mosquitoes are most active. 

There is no one solution to control mosquitoes. IMM programs are complex, customized, and ever-changing. Success is best achieved by merging surveillance and monitoring efforts with advanced knowledge and technology. And the better the community understands its role in that equation, the more favorable the outcome can be.

Contact Our Experts

Contact, or call, our experts at 866.977.6964 so that they can help you develop a custom IMM program to meet your community’s needs.

Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

How Surveillance and Disease Testing Reduces the Threat of Mosquito-borne Diseases

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In order to execute a successful integrated mosquito management program, mosquito surveillance is key. Through a mosquito surveillance program, entomologists are able to identify species composition, population dynamics, and the threat of dangerous mosquito-borne diseases. This information helps decision-makers choose the most effective management approach to control mosquitoes and protect community members in their area.

Gathering Population Data Through Adult Mosquito Surveillance

Mosquito Surveillance & Disease Testing Reduce Mosquito-borne Disease 3Adult mosquito surveillance is conducted in areas that have historically produced mosquito populations of a nuisance and/or public health concern or in novel areas in response to natural disasters like flash floods and hurricanes. 

Adult mosquito surveillance programs are accomplished through the use of specialized mosquito surveillance traps that are strategically placed throughout a given area. 

Mosquito surveillance traps are selected and placed based on mosquito concentrations, activity periods, and habitat characteristics like climate, wind, weather, and time of year. 

Testing for Mosquito-Borne Diseases In the Lab

Trapped mosquitoes are then taken back to a laboratory for scientific examination, which involves species identification and counting. While some areas are primarily impacted by a single mosquito species, others may be home to vast and diverse populations. Entomologists study physical markers like colors and patterns of scales, setea, spines, and other features to distinguish between the 175+ species found in North America. Examinations also include disease testing. Different mosquito species are known for carrying specific pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNv), Malaria, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, Zika Virus, and Chikungunya.

Utilizing Lab Data to Make Informed Management Decisions

Armed with this knowledge, entomologists can determine the severity of an outbreak and respond with the most effective management solutions based on the habits and characteristics of the target species. Often, experts utilize either truck-mounted sprayers, drone technology, or aerial fleets to apply adulticides at the proper rate and product droplet size. During this process, GPS technology is used to ensure safe and even distribution across large areas.

These mosquito elimination efforts are most effective when conducted as part of a customized Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. And a vital component of any IMM program is mosquito surveillance conducted with specialized mosquito surveillance equipment. IMM programs use a comprehensive toolbox of solutions to target mosquito populations and proactively prevent them. These programs typically require coordination between many different stakeholders, municipal entities, and public education providers. They may also evolve significantly over time in response to species population surges and possible insecticide resistance. 

Ultimately, no matter what kinds of challenges a community faces, consistent surveillance and disease monitoring serve as the foundation of their management efforts. Discover how our team can support an existing program through mosquito surveillance or help you develop a custom program to meet your community’s needs by contacting our mosquito experts or calling us at 800-413-4445.

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VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Introducing Drone Technology to Our Aerial Fleet

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Drones for Integrated Mosquito Management

VDCI is dedicated to leading the charge on innovations within the vector control industry. Dual-engine aircrafts, specialized GPS-monitoring systems, and cutting-edge surveillance technologies have remained a staple for our advanced treatment strategies and natural disaster response efforts. Now, VDCI is expanding capabilities with the use of aerial drone technology.

Why use drones?

Drones fulfill the growing need for mosquito management services in more compact or sensitive areas. VDCI’s drone fleet is designed with state-of-the-art equipment that lends speed, precision, and discretion to existing ground operations, particularly across dense, unstable terrain or ecologically protected habitats. These hard-to-reach spots can be inaccessible to teams in trucks or on foot, making mosquito control initiatives more tedious, dangerous, and costly. 

Drones fill the gap between ground and plane applications in these kinds of locations. This highly maneuverable technology uses GPS technology to access mapped target sites, and guide precision applications using a variety of products. 

Who operates the drones?

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In contrast to hobbyist drones, our unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are custom-built by Leading Edge Aerial Technologies, Inc. for commercial applications. Each drone exhibits a 6ft wingspan and is equipped with superior features that are operated remotely by a professional team.

Each drone pilot is licensed through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and has extensive knowledge of airspace regulations, maintenance procedures, and emergency response. These experts are also experienced with superior drone programming techniques that facilitate up to 150 acres of product applications per day.

Are drones safe for mosquito control?

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Not only do drones help our ground application crews avoid navigating precarious locations like swamps and wetlands – which can be home to alligators, snakes, and other dangerous species – their rechargeable electric batteries can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These precautions and sustainable initiatives directly align with VDCI’s commitment to always protecting both the environment and our people. 

Additionally, drones are especially quiet and unobtrusive around residential spaces. They are configured with software that block filming, so homeowners can have peace of mind while mosquito management efforts take place nearby.

Another tool in our advanced toolbox:

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Drones are transforming the way we approach vector control programs, and the technology will continue to progress at a rapid rate. Nevertheless, drones are but one tool in our arsenal of advanced solutions that comprise an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. A layered IMM approach that integrates a multitude of strategies will generate the most effective and long-lasting results for stakeholders.

Have more questions about drones for mosquito management?

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Contact Us to Learn More About Drone Technology for Mosquito Management

Government Partners in Mosquito and Tick ManagementSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

The Four Pillars of an Effective Mosquito Management Program

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Building A Comprehensive Integrated Mosquito Management Program

Mosquito bites are an unfortunate side effect of time spent outdoors. But in addition to being a nuisance, mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many dangerous diseases including West Nile, Encephalitis, Zika, Malaria, and Yellow Fever. Because of these diseases, mosquitoes are considered the deadliest animal in the world. By understanding mosquito populations in your community, it is possible to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases and enhance the overall enjoyment of the great outdoors.

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Mosquitoes are an age-old problem, but modern strategies and innovations have made it possible to curb local populations by safely targeting the insect at all life stages. This is important for mosquito abatement districts, municipalities, and county or state entities responsible for leading vector management programs. These efforts are supported by four interlocked pillars that comprise an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), or Integrated Pest Management (IPM), program:

Mosquito Surveillance & Disease Testing 

mosquito surveillance and testingThe more entomological experts can learn about population dynamics and species composition in a given area, the more efficiently they can target the problem at its source. Consistent mosquito surveillance and disease testing facilitate a greater understanding of the ever-changing challenges surrounding mosquito control, such as local population resistance and environmental considerations. GPS equipment and laboratory examinations by scientific experts play a critical role in data collection. This data is entered into proprietary databases for analysis, mapping, and reporting to local government agencies for coordinated integrated mosquito management efforts.

Public Education

pubic education mosquito control helping the communityDespite the strategic and technological advances made in recent decades, mosquito control programs cannot be maximized without cooperation from the entire local community. Therefore, public education is an equally important pillar of an effective Integrated Mosquito Management program. Depending on stakeholder goals, community education can be accomplished in a number of ways, including public education campaigns, the distribution of brochures or fact sheets, and partnership with the health department to encourage the use of repellents and protective clothing. When individuals take preventative steps to remove standing water from their property they can help community efforts. 

An integrated mosquito management approach often requires coordination between many different stakeholders and is most effective when rooted in the expertise of scientists and entomological experts. While mosquito control strategies and mosquito control technologies continue to evolve, it’s important to remember that public education and mosquito surveillance programs will always go hand in hand with larval and adult mosquito control programs. 

Larval Mosquito Control Programs

vdci mosquito surveillance Targeting mosquitoes before they become adults is essential for any good program. That’s where proactive ground services come into play. Integrated Mosquito Management professionals specialize in understanding and identifying environments that foster mosquito development, like ditches, ponds, and stormwater drains. This knowledge helps experts shape and implement custom solutions that target the unique area. These might include source reduction, habitat modification, the introduction of natural predators like mosquitofish, or the application of EPA-registered larvicides to achieve sustainable mosquito control from the ground or, for vast areas, from above using advanced aerial technology.

Adult Mosquito Control Programs

aerial spraying mosquito controlAlthough mosquito surveillance and larval control should be the first steps in any mosquito control program, the control of adult mosquito populations is a critical component of an integrated mosquito management effort. Utilizing either truck-mounted sprayers or aerial application equipment we are able to make highly-targeted applications to knockdown mosquitoes during their peak activity period. To ensure a successful application, advanced spray technologies must produce a proper product droplet size and utilize GPS technology to ensure safe and even distribution across large areas.

 

DID YOU KNOW?

Hurricanes present several public health concerns, including a rapid surge in mosquito populations, which can disrupt recovery efforts and could lead to an increased risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as the West Nile. In order to deal with this problem, aerial applications of insecticides over wide areas can provide relief to the impacted area, assisting in the recovery efforts.

 

Contact Our Integrated Mosquito Management Experts

We are government partners in Integrated Mosquito Management. Complete the form below or call 800-413-4445 to learn how VDCI can help implement an Integrated Mosquito Management program or support an existing program in your community.

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VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.