How Surveillance and Disease Testing Reduces the Threat of Mosquito-borne Diseases

CDCMosquito Mosquito Surveillance & Disease Testing Reduce Mosquito-borne Disease 5

In order to execute a successful integrated mosquito management program, mosquito surveillance is key. Through a mosquito surveillance program, entomologists are able to identify species composition, population dynamics, and the threat of dangerous mosquito-borne diseases. This information helps decision-makers choose the most effective management approach to control mosquitoes and protect community members in their area.

Gathering Population Data Through Adult Mosquito Surveillance

Mosquito Surveillance & Disease Testing Reduce Mosquito-borne Disease 3Adult mosquito surveillance is conducted in areas that have historically produced mosquito populations of a nuisance and/or public health concern or in novel areas in response to natural disasters like flash floods and hurricanes. 

Adult mosquito surveillance programs are accomplished through the use of specialized mosquito surveillance traps that are strategically placed throughout a given area. 

Mosquito surveillance traps are selected and placed based on mosquito concentrations, activity periods, and habitat characteristics like climate, wind, weather, and time of year. 

Testing for Mosquito-Borne Diseases In the Lab

Technician examining mosquito samples under microscope in laboratory

Trapped mosquitoes are then taken back to a laboratory for scientific examination, which involves species identification and counting. While some areas are primarily impacted by a single mosquito species, others may be home to vast and diverse populations. Entomologists study physical markers like colors and patterns of scales, setea, spines, and other features to distinguish between the 175+ species found in North America. Examinations also include disease testing. Different mosquito species are known for carrying specific pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNv), Malaria, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, Zika Virus, and Chikungunya.

Utilizing Lab Data to Make Informed Management Decisions

Armed with this knowledge, entomologists can determine the severity of an outbreak and respond with the most effective management solutions based on the habits and characteristics of the target species. Often, experts utilize either truck-mounted sprayers, drone technology, or aerial fleets to apply adulticides at the proper rate and product droplet size. During this process, GPS technology is used to ensure safe and even distribution across large areas.

VDCI technician piloting a mosquito control drone fitted with a larvicide hopper over marshland

These mosquito elimination efforts are most effective when conducted as part of a customized Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. And a vital component of any IMM program is mosquito surveillance conducted with specialized mosquito surveillance equipment. IMM programs use a comprehensive toolbox of solutions to target mosquito populations and proactively prevent them. These programs typically require coordination between many different stakeholders, municipal entities, and public education providers. They may also evolve significantly over time in response to species population surges and possible insecticide resistance. 

Ultimately, no matter what kinds of challenges a community faces, consistent surveillance and disease monitoring serve as the foundation of their management efforts. Discover how our team can support an existing program through mosquito surveillance or help you develop a custom program to meet your community’s needs by contacting our mosquito experts or calling us at 800-413-4445.

VDCI Wants To Make Your Property Safer.
How Can We Help?

Fill out the information below, and one of our mosquito surveillance experts will follow up with you.

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Add Aerial Application Services to Your Existing Mosquito Management Program

Aerial Spraying Malcom 9

Add Aerial Application Services to Your Existing Mosquito Management Program

Mosquitoes are most effectively managed when a multitude of professional solutions and innovations are utilized to target the species. Personal protection efforts, public education, mosquito habitat reduction, and ground-based activities are highly impactful in the battle against mosquitoes. Over the last 20+ years, VDCI has helped reinforce these strategies by taking management to the skies. 

VDCI is a leading operator of advanced aerial fleets for adult and larval mosquito control around the country. Aerial applications of EPA-registered insecticides can provide more thorough protection across states, counties, and municipalities, particularly when the risk of vector-borne disease transmission is elevated. 

How can the public benefit from aerial mosquito control?

During warmer months, mosquitoes can be found nearly everywhere in our communities. And because they are capable of traveling many miles for a blood meal, it’s also beneficial to target mosquitoes where they thrive, such as swamps, wetlands, and thickets. Unfortunately, these areas can be hard to reach, environmentally protected, or dangerous for ground crews to navigate. 

Aerial product applications may be the only way to interrupt the mosquito breeding cycle in remote locations where populations are abnormally high or when roads and natural areas are inaccessible due to flooding, compromised infrastructure, or road closures. When conducted from above, monitoring and applications are typically more comprehensive, faster, and safer; ground crews in one Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) spray truck can treat approximately 1,000 acres per load – or potentially less following weather emergencies – while a single aircraft can treat 10,250 acres per load.

outside vdci aerial hanger - aerial mosquito control

VDCI Aerial Advantage

When designing a management approach, professionals take into account many factors beyond the size and type of area being treated. The process begins with surveillance of the local mosquito species and their populations, patterns, peak activity, and susceptibility to certain types of management styles. VDCI supports the best practices of mosquito abatement districts by helping target mosquitoes at every phase of their lifecycle. This means using specified adulticide and larvicide applications at distinct rates and times of year and with the equipment that’s best suited for the job. 

VDCI is the only company nationwide that operates a diverse, in-house fleet of drones and aircraft that are exclusively dedicated to mosquito control:

Fixed-wing aircraft:​

plane flying
  • Capable of treating up to 50,000 acres per aircraft, per night
  • Integrated systems ensure uniform spray cloud density
  • Swift emergency response tool following hurricanes or severe flood events

Professional drone technology:​

drone flying with larvicide
  • Capable of applying up to 200 acres of product per session
  • Pre-programmed flight routes with superior GPS navigation 
  • Highly maneuverable and unobtrusive in residential areas

VDCI’s advanced aerial equipment is operated exclusively by licensed aerial pesticide applicators who are authorized through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). All professionals specialize in maintenance procedures, airspace regulations, and coordination with local aviation agencies. Together, these professionals boast a combined 50,000+ hours of experience.

We Are Here For Your Every Need

Whether you are experiencing routine mosquito problems or an unforeseen circumstance, VDCI’s vector control scientists are well equipped to safely mitigate the challenges in your area. Our expertise, technology, and reporting capabilities are an asset to any program in need of aerial application services. Contact us below to learn how we can support your mosquito management program.

Educating Your Community Can Help Eliminate Mosquito-Borne Diseases

PublicEducation VDCI mosquito control - teachers portal - research and resources

Personal Protection & Property Maintenance Tips

mosquito bite on arm msquito control public educationWe’re all impacted by the presence of mosquitoes – in more ways than you might know. Itchy bites are often a harmless annoyance, but the spread of mosquito-borne disease can have disastrous consequences for both humans and animals. Proactive integrated mosquito management (IMM) is the most effective way to limit their populations. VDCI partners with city, county, and state governments as well as mosquito abatement districts and public health entities to protect residents and visitors to their community. Depending on the species of mosquito in your area, public education can play a critical role in preventing mosquito development and bites can be minimized with the use of EPA approved repellents and personal protective clothing. 

Mosquitoes Are a Threat to Public Health

You may have heard about common diseases like West Nile virus, malaria, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, Zika, dengue and others. It can be easy to brush off the transmission of these pathogens as extremely rare instances, but the reality is mosquitoes spread more disease than any other species on earth, resulting in approximately one million deaths annually. Victims of these diseases can experience severe complications, including flu-like symptoms, allergic reactions, brain and nervous system inflammation, permanent physical and mental disabilities, or birth defects. Mosquitoes are also responsible for transmitting deadly parasitic heartworms to cats, dogs, and other wildlife.

We Each Play a Role

Mosquitoes have existed on earth for millions of years and with over 3,000 unique species  they won’t be eradicated any time soon. There are numerous ways to reduce mosquito populations in your area and they all begin with an understanding of species biology and empowering community members to take personal protective measures.

Eliminating Mosquito Habitat

Public Education in Reducing Mosquito Populations 1Mosquitoes require standing water to develop. A single female can lay anywhere from 200-300 eggs and utilize habitats as small as a bottle cap.  When it’s hot outside these larvae can develop into biting adult mosquitoes in less than 4 days!  Some of the sites we frequently find in backyards include clogged gutters, old tires, and potholes or depressions near sprinkler heads. You can do your part to help eliminate mosquitoes by emptying outdoor containers such as cups, buckets, flower pots, bird baths, and watering cans. Likewise, take steps to ensure water properly drains off of tarps, tables, and outdoor equipment during rainstorms.

Personal Protection Against Mosquito Bites (Repellent and Clothing)

While reducing mosquito habitat on your property can make a significant difference in the battle against mosquitoes, many species are capable of flying several miles to take a blood meal.  Because of this it’s also important for you to wear protective clothing and use an EPA approved repellent when biting pressure is high or transmittable diseases have been identified in local populations. Wear light-colored clothing, closed toe shoes, long-sleeves, and long pants when spending time outside can reduce your likelihood of being bitten. This is especially important around dawn or dusk when mosquitoes tend to be most active. Bare skin on hands, ankles or face should be protected with repellent or covered when possible. For the safe and effective use of any product, always read the label and follow manufacturer guidelines.

Public Education Is Imperative

Public participation can play an important role in reducing local mosquito populations and preventing transmission of disease. The tools used to control mosquitoes are diverse and often misunderstood. Partnering with a professional mosquito management organization can help ensure community members receive the most accurate and effective information about the mosquito species, diseases, and tools used in your area. This is a core pillar in any successful mosquito control program that municipalities, health departments, churches, schools, and other community groups must prioritize when getting started. 

person-showing-protection-plan

The science behind mosquito management is foundational to everything we do and application strategies continue to develop as environmental conditions shift and management solutions become more advanced. Whether a project requires targeted ground operations or large-scale efforts using drones and aerial fleets, VDCI helps stakeholders design the most productive and economical approach.

Contact Us to Build A Public Education Program for Your Community

VDCI_Logo_squareSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

The Four Pillars of an Effective Mosquito Management Program

mosquito surveillance and testing

Building A Comprehensive Integrated Mosquito Management Program

Mosquito bites are an unfortunate side effect of time spent outdoors. But in addition to being a nuisance, mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many dangerous diseases including West Nile, Encephalitis, Zika, Malaria, and Yellow Fever. Because of these diseases, mosquitoes are considered the deadliest animal in the world. By understanding mosquito populations in your community, it is possible to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases and enhance the overall enjoyment of the great outdoors.

VDCI_4PillarsIMM_Infographic_0221_REV

Mosquitoes are an age-old problem, but modern strategies and innovations have made it possible to curb local populations by safely targeting the insect at all life stages. This is important for mosquito abatement districts, municipalities, and county or state entities responsible for leading vector management programs. These efforts are supported by four interlocked pillars that comprise an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), or Integrated Pest Management (IPM), program:

Mosquito Surveillance & Disease Testing 

mosquito surveillance and testingThe more entomological experts can learn about population dynamics and species composition in a given area, the more efficiently they can target the problem at its source. Consistent mosquito surveillance and disease testing facilitate a greater understanding of the ever-changing challenges surrounding mosquito control, such as local population resistance and environmental considerations. GPS equipment and laboratory examinations by scientific experts play a critical role in data collection. This data is entered into proprietary databases for analysis, mapping, and reporting to local government agencies for coordinated integrated mosquito management efforts.

Public Education

pubic education mosquito control helping the communityDespite the strategic and technological advances made in recent decades, mosquito control programs cannot be maximized without cooperation from the entire local community. Therefore, public education is an equally important pillar of an effective Integrated Mosquito Management program. Depending on stakeholder goals, community education can be accomplished in a number of ways, including public education campaigns, the distribution of brochures or fact sheets, and partnership with the health department to encourage the use of repellents and protective clothing. When individuals take preventative steps to remove standing water from their property they can help community efforts. 

An integrated mosquito management approach often requires coordination between many different stakeholders and is most effective when rooted in the expertise of scientists and entomological experts. While mosquito control strategies and mosquito control technologies continue to evolve, it’s important to remember that public education and mosquito surveillance programs will always go hand in hand with larval and adult mosquito control programs. 

Larval Mosquito Control Programs

vdci mosquito surveillance Targeting mosquitoes before they become adults is essential for any good program. That’s where proactive ground services come into play. Integrated Mosquito Management professionals specialize in understanding and identifying environments that foster mosquito development, like ditches, ponds, and stormwater drains. This knowledge helps experts shape and implement custom solutions that target the unique area. These might include source reduction, habitat modification, the introduction of natural predators like mosquitofish, or the application of EPA-registered larvicides to achieve sustainable mosquito control from the ground or, for vast areas, from above using advanced aerial technology.

Adult Mosquito Control Programs

aerial spraying mosquito controlAlthough mosquito surveillance and larval control should be the first steps in any mosquito control program, the control of adult mosquito populations is a critical component of an integrated mosquito management effort. Utilizing either truck-mounted sprayers or aerial application equipment we are able to make highly-targeted applications to knockdown mosquitoes during their peak activity period. To ensure a successful application, advanced spray technologies must produce a proper product droplet size and utilize GPS technology to ensure safe and even distribution across large areas.

 

DID YOU KNOW?

Hurricanes present several public health concerns, including a rapid surge in mosquito populations, which can disrupt recovery efforts and could lead to an increased risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as the West Nile. In order to deal with this problem, aerial applications of insecticides over wide areas can provide relief to the impacted area, assisting in the recovery efforts.

 

Contact Our Integrated Mosquito Management Experts

We are government partners in Integrated Mosquito Management. Complete the form below or call 800-413-4445 to learn how VDCI can help implement an Integrated Mosquito Management program or support an existing program in your community.

]

VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Mosquito Control Services: Integrated Management Matters

setting-up-trap

Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) is a term that everyone in the field of public health mosquito and vector-borne disease control is familiar with. The American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) defines IMM as, “a comprehensive mosquito prevention and control strategy that utilizes all available mosquito control methods, either singly or in combination, to exploit the known vulnerabilities of mosquitoes to reduce their numbers while maintaining a quality environment.” This definition describes what Integrated Mosquito Management is, but why is IMM the best practice for controlling mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases?

What is Integrated Mosquito Management? Watch to Learn More!

As the definition states, the goal of any IMM program is the reduction of mosquito populations through the use of environmentally sound methods. As such, the best way to achieve this goal is through the combined use of whichever strategies and tactics are available for each individual IMM program. Because of the great variety of mosquito species and habitats, mosquito-borne diseases, local nuisance tolerances, program budgets, and pesticide use preferences throughout the world, it is important that each individual IMM program has the flexibility to use the combination of methods that will best accomplish their specific mosquito control needs. An effective Integrated Mosquito Management program will use some combination of the following principles to accomplish its specific goals:

  1. Larval and Adult Mosquito Surveillance (including disease testing)
  2. Source Reduction and Physical Control through Habitat Manipulation
  3. Larval Mosquito Control
  4. Adult Mosquito Control (including efficacy and pesticide resistance testing)
  5. Public Education and Outreach

Species and Habitat Diversity

With more than 3,000 mosquito species in the world, and over 175 in the United States alone, it is easy to understand why integrating these principles and practices is important to the success of a mosquito abatement program. Different mosquito species have different preferences for everything from larval habitat to host species to peak activity period. Therefore, there is not an effective single strategy for controlling all species across all geographies. By using scientific information about the local mosquito species’ preferences, managers can decide which principles and practices will provide the best control of the mosquitoes in their particular area.

mosquito inspector checking a bucket

Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, West Nile virus, Zika virus, and Heartworm disease, are a major concern for public health professionals because these diseases cause widespread illness in both people and animals, as well as hundreds of thousands of deaths, every year. Once again, different mosquito species cause different problems because they can transmit different diseases. As such, designing and implementing an IMM program that utilizes the most effective tactics to control the specific species that carry the specific diseases of concern in an area is the best way to help reduce their transmission to both people and animals.

Close up of a Culex tarsalis mosquito on human skin

Local Nuisance Tolerance

The local tolerance for nuisance mosquitoes is also an important consideration when determining what IMM principles should be integrated into a mosquito control program. Some residents may not want to see a single mosquito in their neighborhood all summer, while other people are either less bothered by biting mosquitoes or live in an area where it is simply not possible to eliminate them all. IMM program managers must then decide which mosquito control strategies and tactics will allow them to create an environment acceptable to local residents. While it’s often not possible to please everyone, choosing the best combination of IMM principles to integrate into their program will yield the best results and satisfy the most people.

Public-Mosquito-Education

Budget Limitations

For most IMM programs the ultimate goal is a practical reduction of the local mosquito populations based upon their budget. Quite often, designing a program that integrates as many of the primary IMM principles as possible is limited by the available financial resources. While a larger budget will usually allow for the integration of more components into a successful IMM program, the strategic use of less expensive practices can still yield good results and provide an effective IMM program. Surveillance and public education, for example, are some of the less expensive components of an IMM program, and, depending upon the circumstances, they can provide both information about mosquito populations and disease threats. In addition, public education can protect residents by teaching them about personal protection measures. This can include how to reduce mosquito habitat around their homes and reduce the risk of being bitten by proactively using repellents, wearing proper clothing, and avoiding peak mosquito activity periods.

mosquito technicians surveying ditch

Environmental Impact

Finally, one of the primary goals of Integrated Mosquito Management is maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Everyone who works in mosquito and vector control understands the need to minimize any environmental impacts of our programs. By intelligently integrating as many of the principles and practices as possible into a responsible IMM program, any possible negative impacts on the environment will be greatly reduced or even eliminated.

These are just some examples of why Integrated Mosquito Management is the preferred strategy for operating a mosquito and mosquito-borne disease abatement program. By using a well-considered combination of scientifically based, environmentally sound principles and practices, mosquito control managers can tailor their management programs to fit the specific needs in their community and gain the best possible reduction in the local mosquito populations.

VDCI is committed to public education and spreading awareness throughout the U.S. about the dangers of mosquito-borne diseases and their preventability, with the overarching goal of reducing illness and fatality statistics in 2018. Our dedicated and experienced team works tirelessly to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases in all of the contracts we service. If you would like more information about any aspect of an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) Plan, including mosquito surveillance, disease testing, adult control, or aerial applications, please contact Vector Disease Control International (VDCI), and we will help you get started immediately.

Contact Us to Learn More About Effective Mosquito Prevention Strategies:

Government Partners in Mosquito ManagementSince 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, military bases, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective integrated tick and mosquito management. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our tick and mosquito management professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated tick and mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to mosquito aerial application in emergency response  situations.

Mosquito Spray Trucks: Science on Wheels

vdci-truck-fleet

What Today's Mosquito Spray Trucks Can Do

Like cell phones and computers, today’s mosquito spray trucks bear little resemblance to the fogging trucks of the not-too-distant past. While Ultra Low Volume (ULV) fogging machines have been in use for decades the technology to collect data, map, and apply pesticides in the pursuit of controlling adult mosquito populations is as cutting-edge as never before. The utilization of such technology allows mosquito control professionals across the country to practice adult mosquito control via a “science on wheels” approach which places primacy on accuracy, efficacy, and safety as well as the capacity to generate information useful and frequently necessary for clients in addition to helping the employee performing the application. VDCI runs its own fleet on this same technology, so the trucks spraying for mosquitoes in the communities we serve are built for accuracy, accountability, and public health.

Fleet of white VDCI mosquito control trucks parked on grass with a bridge in the background

On-Board Computers

Laptops or notebook computers are increasingly becoming standard on mosquito fogging trucks throughout the nation with mission-specific software designed by fellow mosquito control experts well-versed in the unique workings of the industry. More than a few such people have spent time in the past behind the wheel of a fogging truck themselves, often frustrated dealing with subpar or technologically inferior equipment. Their practical collective firsthand knowledge resulted in the creation of a set of tools based on real-world experience. This, in turn, allows for customization, flexibility, and reliability when responding to customer needs and requests.

Mobile Mapping

GPS application map showing a mosquito spray truck's treatment route around a lake

A modern mosquito fogger truck in a professional mosquito control fleet is also increasingly equipped with GPS-enabled location technology that allows the driver to not only see where he or she is going but the capability to generate a detailed map that can be utilized for future driver use, given to a client or inquiring resident, placed on a community website, etc. Such maps are also often necessary to properly satisfy compliance with a state, county or municipality’s regulatory agency. GPS can also be used to regulate pesticide flow rate, increasing or decreasing said rate depending on the speed of the truck, thereby ensuring an even discharge throughout the application. Such satellite-guided on the ground technology was all but unthinkable even a scant five years ago. Today it is a profession-wide reality the result of which are levels of pesticide application and monitoring accuracy heretofore all but unknown.

Modern Mosquito Fogging Equipment

White VDCI mosquito spray truck releasing ULV fog into the air at dusk near trees

Of course, even the best technology is all but worthless if the fogging equipment itself is not properly working. Many mosquito control operations are in the midst of updating ULV fogging machines throughout the country, replacing older models with new ones more suited to today’s technology and standardizing the types of machines used as much as possible. Not only will this create logistical consistency throughout a company, but it also allows ease of troubleshooting should issues arise. Properly maintained by employees specifically trained for such duties, these new fleets of fogging machines will provide customers at every level with an effective, reliable, precise, and data-driven means to control adult mosquitoes for years to come.

Adopting Technology to Protect Public Health

VDCI technician piloting a mosquito control drone fitted with a larvicide hopper over marshland

In the past much pesticide-related data collection, notation, and application were accomplished by means of educated guesswork at best, which, for obvious reasons, is simply no longer a sustainable or even desirable approach. The industry’s eager and on-going adoption of mosquito-specific, current day technology replaces conjecture with facts, speculation with data, invaluably aiding in management decisions that should improve our industry’s standing with our customers and the public at large. This science on wheels approach provides the answers to the who, what, when, where, why, and how questions and requirements increasingly posed to and expected of mosquito control professionals across the country. The industry is active in creating many of the technologies surfacing, and national and global mosquito control teams are grateful for the new tools to support the common mission to protect public health.

Frequently Asked Questions About Mosquito Spray Trucks

What equipment is on a modern mosquito spray truck?

Today’s trucks typically carry three core tools: an on-board laptop or notebook computer running mission-specific software, GPS-enabled mapping, and a modern Ultra Low Volume (ULV) fogging machine. Together they let operators apply product accurately, document the work, and respond to customer needs in real time.

What does ULV fogging mean?

ULV stands for Ultra Low Volume. These fogging machines have been used in adult mosquito control for decades, dispersing very small amounts of product as a fine mist. Many operations are now replacing older units with standardized modern models, which creates logistical consistency and makes troubleshooting easier.

How does GPS improve truck spraying for mosquitoes?

GPS does more than help the driver navigate. It generates detailed application maps, helps satisfy state, county, and municipal regulatory compliance, and can adjust the pesticide flow rate based on the truck’s speed — ensuring an even discharge across the entire route.

Why do mosquito fogger trucks create application maps?

The maps serve several purposes: guiding future routes, answering questions from clients or residents, posting treatment areas on a community website, and documenting applications for regulatory agencies. This level of record-keeping was nearly unthinkable only a few years ago.

What is the “science on wheels” approach?

It’s the use of data collection, mapping, and precise application technology to control adult mosquitoes. The approach prioritizes accuracy, efficacy, and safety, replacing the educated guesswork of the past with documented, data-driven decisions.

Does VDCI use this technology on its own trucks?

Yes. VDCI equips its fleet with the same on-board computers, GPS mapping, and modern fogging equipment described here, supporting effective, data-driven mosquito control for the communities, municipalities, and organizations it serves.

See How VDCI’s Mosquito Spray Trucks Fit Into Your Community’s Mosquito Control Program:

VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Mosquitoes Playing Hard to Get? Consider Resistance Monitoring

Written By Kellie Nestrud, Biologist and Contract Manager in Louisiana

culex-egg-raft-cdc-study-insecticide-resistance(2)_greenville-MS-brooxb-230199-edited-344159-edited

There are several different components of a successful Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. The consideration of chemical resistance in the local mosquito population is one of the components. Knowing, understanding, and monitoring for chemical resistance should begin as early as possible in an IMM program. It is recommended that all IMM programs monitor their mosquito populations for resistance at the beginning of a season and as often throughout the season as thought necessary. Resistance data is most valuable when collected over time to allow for comparison and monitoring of trends. There are many methods to monitor the effectiveness of an insecticide, and program managers may need to adjust their approach from season to season.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines that a population of mosquitoes is considered to be resistant to an insecticide if a mortality rate is less than 90%. So how would one know if they are working with a population that has resistance?
Continue reading

Industry Partnerships: Opportunities to Learn and Grow

Meeting with Leaders In Mosquito Management

The 84th Annual Meeting of the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) took place in Kansas City, MO. The Association’s president, Wayne Gale, brought attention to the meeting’s ability to bring together the industry to share experiences, discoveries, and challenges. A portion of AMCA’s mission highlights the goal to, “… provide leadership, information and education leading to the enhancement of health and quality of life through the suppression of mosquitoes.…”

VDCI is incredibly proud of the way our team continues to reinforce AMCA’s mission, with their dedication to expanding their knowledge of mosquito management by partnering with experts across the industry. It brings us joy to share a few examples, of collaboration and supporting the future of mosquito control, that were discussed or were on display during the 2018 Annual Meeting.

Environmental Conditions and Mosquito-Borne Disease

birds and road-b-658054-edited.jpegDr. Broox Boze prepared a poster presentation focusing on the role of birds and climate change in predicting West Nile virus outbreaks in Northern Colorado. This collaborative project was funded by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and highlights the important role of drought and other environmental factors affecting environmental and human health.

West Nile Virus Detection

One of the week’s symposiums offered insight into the use of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) in Arbovirus Detection (a group of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, or other arthropods). Two of the symposium presentations included collaborative work with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Dr. Daniel Markowski, VDCI’s VP of Operations. The research used a novel assay to detect West Nile virus in mosquito pools as part of a county public health mosquito management program in Ohio. Along with a team from the CDC, the surveillance and disease monitoring efforts were supported by VDCI’s Regional Director, Cristina Flores and Contract Manager, Theodore Green.

Resistance Monitoring in the Delta

20180228_135431-219546-edited.jpgRegional Director, Kris New and Contract Managers, Kellie Nestrud and Mi’Shayla Johnson, alongside Dr. Boze, completed work on insecticide resistance monitoring in both Mississippi and Louisiana. Playing an active role in understanding the mosquito species in a given area, and what control efforts are most meaningful, is a subject our team takes seriously. The group’s role was a piece of a larger research project lead by the CDC. VDCI’s efforts were recognized in both oral and poster presentations by colleagues at the CDC. The poster that focused on the evaluation of Culex quinquefasciatus in Louisiana received the 2nd place award (Great work, Milena!).

Emergency Response Perspective

panel-2-576396-edited.jpgThe moment that mosquito control is elevated to an Emergency Response mission, public health leaders at the local, state, and federal level call on service contractors and chemical suppliers as well as the military to support response needs. The panel discussion From Chaos to Calm: Mosquito Control Response to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria was comprised of seven individuals providing perspectives from each of the areas mentioned. VDCI’s Dr. Daniel Markowski discussed how our team prepared and executed mosquito response plans on the ground and in the air – stressing the importance of maintaining clear channels of communication with public health leaders, suppliers, and local officials throughout each mission. Responding to large-scale mosquito outbreaks is never easy. However, with the combined efforts of our partners in the industry, we were able to mobilize our staff and give residents and first responders in each state relief from the billions of mosquitoes that resulted from the floodwaters. According to Dr. Markowski, “This was VDCI’s 12th hurricane event that we’ve responded to. In every one, you realize that the team we have makes the long days and insane work hours bearable.” VDCI is proud to help the people in Texas and Florida, but hope they never see hurricanes on this scale again.

AMCA Young Professionals (YP)

amca-yp-2018-david-theuret-250x152.jpgWhether as a professional or a student, the AMCA YP group welcomes individuals starting their career (less than 5 years) in the mosquito industry. Along with several other organizations, VDCI enjoys sponsoring an individual to attend the Annual Meeting and partake in the week-long agenda the association creates specifically for the YPs. With VDCI headquarters located in Little Rock, AR – it was exciting to learn our 2018 YP was also our neighbor!

David Theuret is beginning his career as a Public Health Entomologist for the Arkansas Department of Health. Mr. Theuret provided a recap of his time at AMCA saying, “The 2018 AMCA meeting was an amazing experience. Partnering with VDCI through the Industry Shadowing Program allowed me to take full advantage of all of the opportunities to learn and network at this meeting, and I am grateful for their support. The research presented provided a clear sense of direction for future projects to improve the program in Arkansas; including emergency vector control response following natural disasters, innovative methods of community outreach, and invasion of new mosquito species such as Culex coronator. Networking with experts and speaking with my fellow young professionals was wonderful, both personally and professionally. They have reinvigorated my excitement about continuing to work and grow in this field, and I can’t wait to see everyone next year!”

Supporting the Future

20180226_133646-986327-edited.jpgThe YP Association held an auction during the Annual Meeting. The activity was an exciting way to raise funds for future YP programs, and Dr. Broox Boze was happy to support the auction by donating a stained-glass mosquito masterpiece. What began as a creative hobby in high school has found its way into many chapters of the scientist’s life. Thank you to Dr. Boze and the winner of her art! Both of your contributions have supported the future leaders in our industry.

As a result of this year’s meeting, the VDCI Team is actively working on ideas, challenges, and partnerships to aid in the ongoing mission to protect public health. We remain vigilant in our efforts, and look forward to the listening and participating at the 2019 meeting in Orlando, Florida. We hope to see all of our friends and partners there!

Contact Us to Learn More About Effective Mosquito Management Strategies:

VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

Life at the Lab Identifying Species and Disease Testing

Integrated Mosquito Management

As discussed in a previous Mosquito Surveillance blog post, a well-designed surveillance program provides important information necessary to guide a modern mosquito control program. However, trapping the mosquitoes is only the first step in surveillance. Once the mosquito specimens are collected, they must be processed in the laboratory.

Once the sample is euthanized, the mosquitoes are counted to determine how many were captured. If the trap count is very high, the numbers are estimated and only a sample is identified. How high is high? In locations without mosquito control and with good sources of water, nectar, blood-meals, and harborage, trap counts in the tens of thousands of mosquitoes in one night have been recorded, and not just in the tropics!

Many people are surprised to find out that there are more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes  worldwide, of which at least 175 are recorded to occur in North America north of Mexico. It takes specialized training to learn how to distinguish one species from another, but accurate species identification is critically important to surveillance data’s value in mosquito control.

Just as with butterflies, adult mosquito bodies and wings (Anopheles quadrimaculatus – Common Malaria Mosquito pictured here) are usually covered with tiny scales that together create a variety of species-specific patterns. While most species have scales that are black, gray, brown, and white, there are some primarily tropical species, such as the Sabethes cyaneus – the Paddle-legged Beauty, that display iridescent blue, purple, green, silver, and gold colors as well, rivaling the butterflies for beauty, albeit at a more microscopic level. These patterns, along with the placement, presence, or absence of various sets of hairs and spines, are primarily what entomologists use to distinguish one species of mosquito from another. In some places, only one or two mosquito species dominate the trap sample, but in locations with a high diversity of habitat types, it is possible to find more than a dozen species in a single night’s trap collection.

setting-up-trap

Surveillance trap data is used to guide a mosquito control program by providing information about which species are present and how large their populations are. Since different species are adapted to different kinds of water bodies during the larval development, trap data tells us what kind of water source the mosquitoes are likely to have come from. This can tell us how good a job our field technicians are doing in their efforts to control the larvae. It may also indicate whether species found in the traps (and potentially biting the area citizens) are likely to be “fly-ins” that spent their larval stages in a location outside of our control area and then flew into town as adults in search of shade, nectar, and perhaps a blood meal. The trapping can also indicate whether or not there is a need for adult control (for example, ULV truck fogging), in most situations triggered by a pre-determined trap count threshold. Finally, in the case of vector species, surveillance traps can provide specimens that can be  tested for disease, and give an indication of real disease risk in the area surrounding the trap.

Trap data is also provided to our customers regularly as a way for them to monitor the progress of their mosquito control program, and to keep the citizens informed about the species activity in their area. Especially when high numbers of disease vector species are being encountered in the traps, customers may choose to increase educational communications regarding ways citizens can protect themselves from mosquito-borne diseases. In many cases, weekly trap data is also shared with local and regional public health officials, and with the news media, in order to coordinate a rapid cooperative response, since an informed public can help reduce the incidence of disease significantly.

VDCI is committed to public education and spreading awareness throughout the U.S. about the dangers of mosquito-borne diseases and their preventability, with the overarching goal of reducing illness and fatality statistics. Our dedicated and experienced team works tirelessly to prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases in all of the contracts we service. 

If you would like more information about any aspect of an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program, including surveillance, disease testing, larval control or adult control, please contact Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) at 800.413.4445. We will help provide you with details to begin a meaningful program to protect public health in your community.

Contact Us to Learn More About Effective Mosquito Prevention Strategies:

VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.

The Art of Hunting Mosquitoes

Integrated Mosquito Management: Surveillance

Adult mosquito surveillance is a critical component of the Integrated Pest Management method of controlling insect pests. In modern mosquito control programs, surveillance includes setting traps to monitor adult mosquito populations in a given area.

A good surveillance strategy includes choosing the right kind(s) of traps to use that meet the goals of the control program. For example, most female mosquitoes are attracted to carbon-dioxide given off by a breathing animal that would be a potential source for a blood-meal. A CO2 baited light trap utilizes dry ice or some other source of carbon-dioxide to mimic the breathing of an animal blood source, with a small light bulb to draw the mosquitoes close enough to the trap fan for capture. Egg-laying females of species that live as larvae in smaller, water-filled containers can be collected with Gravid Traps. These consist of a fan and net suspended above a container of “highly organic” water as bait (usually an infusion of fermented hay and other ingredients). 

Many mosquito species are attracted to light, and a New Jersey light trap draws them into a fan using a bright light as bait, but with the unfortunate side-effect of collecting many other species of flies, beetles, and moths that also come to lights – in some locations at certain times of year it can be quite a chore to pick through the non-mosquitoes that are also collected. Surveys for Aedes aegypti – the primary vector of Yellow Fever, Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika, and other viruses – and the related Asian Tiger mosquito (Ae. albopictus) often utilize BG Sentinel traps and lethal ovitraps to attract egg-laying females of these “container-breeding” species.

Surveillance is only effective if the trap placement considers factors that can affect trapping success. For example, a light trap placed under a street lamp will not attract as many mosquitoes as one placed in a dark area. A carbon-dioxide baited trap will not work as well close to a livestock herd or other competing sources of CO2. Traps placed in highly visible areas could be subject to vandalism or theft in some neighborhoods. It is best to avoid locations that are exposed to wind, as most mosquitoes are relatively weak fliers and not as likely to be flying in a windy location. In arid environments, mosquitoes seek out harborage – a shady, relatively cool place where they can find shelter from the heat of the mid-day sun. In such areas, traps should be placed in harborage areas that are likely to be used by mosquitoes for daytime shelter, such that when they disperse in the evening, they might find the trap first before they find a person to bite.

person-hanging-trap-mosquito

It would be cost prohibitive to have a surveillance trap on every block, and the additional information gained would not necessarily be more useful than what we learn from the consistent sampling at carefully selected locations where we believe the mosquitoes to be most concentrated. However, since we do not have traps everywhere, a good surveillance program can benefit from citizen phone calls that report increased mosquito populations in those areas that are not directly adjacent to the trap sites. These mosquito complaint calls can supplement the trap information to help determine how extensively a population surge is distributed.

Finally, historical consistency is important to long-term surveillance. Whenever possible, the traps should be set at the same locations year after year to allow for comparisons from season to season. Mosquito abundance is a relative concept – what seems like a large trap number for a location may actually be a “normal” population for that area. Only long-term collecting data can provide information about what a typical trap count should be for a particular site during a particular time of the season.

VDCI is committed to public education and spreading awareness throughout the U.S. about the dangers of mosquito-borne diseases and their preventability, with the overarching goal of reducing illness and fatality statistics. Our dedicated and experienced team works tirelessly to prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases in all of the contracts we service. 

If you would like more information about any aspect of an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program, including surveillance, disease testing, larval control or adult control, please contact Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) at 800.413.4445. We will help provide you with details to begin a meaningful program to protect public health in your community.

Contact Us to Learn More About Integrated Mosquito Management:

VDCI_Logo_square Since 1992, Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has taken pride in providing municipalities, mosquito abatement districts, industrial sites, planned communities, homeowners associations, and golf courses with the tools they need to run effective mosquito control programs. We are determined to protect the public health of the communities in which we operate. Our mosquito control professionals have over 100 years of combined experience in the field of public health, specifically vector disease control. We strive to provide the most effective and scientifically sound mosquito surveillance and control programs possible based on an Integrated Mosquito Management approach recommended by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). VDCI is the only company in the country that can manage all aspects of an integrated mosquito management program, from surveillance to disease testing to aerial application in emergency situations.